Quad Flat No Lead (QFN) packages use a leadframe as a substrate onto which one or more integrated circuits (ICs) are attached and subsequently wirebonded to form electrical connections from each IC (or die) to the leads of the leadframe. The leadframe provides leads which are plated on their underside to enable soldering to a PCB and provide electrical connections to the package. Additionally, there may be a large plated area on the underside of the leadframe in the centre of the package under the die for soldering to the PCB which provides mechanical strength, a thermal path and is often used as a ground connection for the package.
Initially the leadframes for many packages are connected together by an additional piece of leadframe known as a ‘dam bar’ or ‘tie bar’. The resultant array of individual QFN packages forms a strip which enables many packages to be processed either at the same time or sequentially without requiring the loading and unloading of small leadframes from equipment each time. Following die attach and wirebonding (and/or potentially other packaging processes such as flip chip attach), the combined leadframe and die assembly is overmolded and a cross-section 100 through an example resulting structure is shown in
The embodiments described below are not limited to implementations which solve any or all of the disadvantages of known methods of forming a QFN.
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Methods of fabricating a QFN with wettable flank are described. In an embodiment, a leadframe is used which comprises regions of reduced thickness dam bar which extend across an edge of a kerf width and the QFN are formed using film assisted molding with a shaped mold chase that comprises raised portions which correspond in shape and position to the one or more regions of reduced thickness in the leadframe. The shaped mold chase prevents mold compound from filling recesses under the regions of reduced thickness of leadframe and once diced, each QFN has an edge structure which comprises a small step, into which solder will wet where there are exposed plated leads.
A first aspect provides a method of forming a plurality of QFN packages, the method comprising: loading a populated leadframe strip into a shaped mold chase; and overmolding the populated leadframe strip using film assisted molding, wherein the leadframe comprises one or more regions of reduced thickness which extend across an edge of a kerf width, and the shaped mold chase comprises raised portions which correspond in shape and position to the one or more regions of reduced thickness in the leadframe.
A second aspect provides a leadframe assembly for use in fabricating a plurality of QFN packages, the leadframe assembly comprising one or more regions of reduced thickness which extend across an edge of a kerf width.
A third aspect provides a shaped mold chase for use in fabricating a plurality of QFN packages using a leadframe assembly comprising one or more regions of reduced thickness which extend across an edge of a kerf width, and wherein the shaped mold chase comprises raised portions which correspond in shape and position to the one or more regions of reduced thickness in the leadframe.
The preferred features may be combined as appropriate, as would be apparent to a skilled person, and may be combined with any of the aspects of the invention.
Embodiments of the invention will be described, by way of example, with reference to the following drawings, in which:
Common reference numerals are used throughout the figures to indicate similar features.
Embodiments of the present invention are described below by way of example only. These examples represent the best ways of putting the invention into practice that are currently known to the Applicant although they are not the only ways in which this could be achieved. The description sets forth the functions of the example and the sequence of steps for constructing and operating the example. However, the same or equivalent functions and sequences may be accomplished by different examples.
The plated underside 112 of a QFN 101-103, as shown in
The inability to visually inspect the solder fillet 304 could lead to reliability problems which may be particularly important for QFNs which are used in applications where reliability is critical, such as for automotive applications. If the solder fillet 304 cannot be inspected, there is no quick and easy check that the solder fillet actually extends to the edge of the package and that there is a good connection to the contacts on the package. In fact, visual inspection cannot determine whether there is any electrical or physical connection at all. Alternatives to visual inspection, such as X-ray, are not practical for large volumes, e.g. it is not feasible to X-ray each soldered QFN on a production line; however visual inspection (which may be automated) can be performed on these large volumes (and may also be used to check other aspects of the production process).
A solution to this problem of the inability to visually inspect solder fillets has been proposed which involves etching a small cavity within the end of a lead (e.g. with the width of about half a lead) and into which the solder can then wet. However, this solution only provides a small wettable flank and is limited to larger pitches of leads (e.g. ≧0.5 mm) as small pitch leads are too small to accommodate the cavity. In addition, the singulation process may result in burring which stops the solder wetting into the tiny cavity unless an additional deburring operation is introduced.
An improved method of fabricating QFN packages is described below which uses Film Assisted Molding (FAM) and provides a QFN which has an edge structure 510 which is different to that shown in
The improved method of fabricating QFN packages can be described with reference to the example flow diagram in
It will be appreciated that the populated leadframe strip may be populated with one or more IC per QFN package and the electrical connections between the IC(s) and the leadframe may be formed by wirebonding, soldering or other interconnect techniques.
The leadframe 506 which is used in this method comprises one or more regions 507 of reduced thickness dam bar in the vicinity of the kerf width 508. The kerf width 508 is indicated in
The regions of reduced thickness 507 in the leadframe 506 may be formed in any way. For example, the thickness of the leadframe may be reduced in these regions 507 by half-etching the leadframe or by part-sawing of the leadframe; however other techniques may also be used to achieve the same end result of a region having reduced thickness compared to the rest (or the majority of the rest) of the leadframe.
In an example, if the leadframe is around 200 μm thick and the kerf width is around 100 μm, the region of reduced thickness may extend at least 20 μm beyond the edges of the kerf width. This value of 20 μm may also be dependent upon the accuracy of the singulation process, such that if the accuracy of the singulation process is ±5 μm, the region of reduced thickness extends beyond the edges of the target kerf width (i.e. for a perfectly accurate singulation process) to ensure the resultant edge structure 510 of the QFN is achieved even when the singulation process is offset from the intended position. In another example, the kerf width may be 500 μm wide (e.g. again for a leadframe around 200 μm thick), with a tolerance on the singulation process of ±50 μm and in such an example, the region of reduced thickness may extend by at least 65 μm beyond the edges of the target kerf width (of 500 μm).
The populated leadframe 500 which is placed onto the adhesive film 502 in the shaped mold chase 504 (in block 404) may be formed (in block 402) by attaching the die 512 to the leadframe 506 (block 402a) and then forming wirebonds 514 between pads on the die 512 and pads 516 on the leadframe 506 (block 402b). As shown in
The shaped mold chase 504 is shaped such that it has raised portions which correspond to the one or more regions 507 of reduced thickness of leadframe 506 in the vicinity of the kerf width 508. The shaped mold chase 504 may alternatively be described as being ridged in that it comprises a pattern of ridges (which may, in many examples, not have the square cross-section as shown in
It will be appreciated that the width of the ridges will not exactly correspond to the width of the thinned regions 507 as there will be a reduction in the width of the ridges to allow for the thickness of the film 502. The thickness and compliance of the adhesive protection film 502 is selected to provide protection to all solderable surfaces of the leadframe, including the thinned regions 507, whilst allowing for the leadframe and mold chase manufacturing tolerances.
The effect of the raised portions on the shaped mold chase 504 is to protect the regions 507 of reduced thickness from the mold compound when the populated leadframe 500 is overmolded (in block 406). As can be seen in the third diagram 520 in
Following overmolding (in block 406), the overmolded assembly is removed from the mold chase and the adhesive film 502 is delaminated from the leadframe. The underside may be plated (block 408) as shown in the fifth diagram 528 in
Unlike the QFN package 204 shown in
It will be appreciated that although
It will be appreciated that the step 534 shown in
Furthermore, although the above description describes the populated leadframe being placed on an adhesive film on the shaped mold chase, in other examples, the leadframe assembly may be provided (e.g. by the manufacturer) pre-taped, i.e. already mounted on the adhesive film. In such an example, the die attach process is performed whilst the leadframe assembly is mounted on the film and then the leadframe and die assembly on the film is placed onto the shaped mold chase (in block 404).
Where punching is used (and also for some other singulation techniques), a shaped upper mold chase may be used in order that the mold compound does not extend into the kerf width. This makes the punching process much easier; however, as there is now no mold compound in the kerf width, the overall structure (prior to singulation), as shown in the first diagram 802 in
The second diagram 804 in
It will be appreciated that these leadframe designs are given by way of example only and alternative designs could be implemented such as not extending the reduced thickness regions 507, 808 and 810 into the dam bar intersections, i.e. package corners, to improve leadframe rigidity.
Any suitable dimensions of regions 808,810 may be used which results in the structure of a QFN (and edge structure 510) as shown in the final diagram in
Where a leadframe with two regions 808, 810 of reduced thickness in the vicinity of the kerf width 507 is used, a corresponding shaped lower mold chase 910 is used which comprises pairs of ridges 912, 914 instead of the single ridges 612 shown in
Where two regions 808, 810 of reduced thickness are used, the method used is unchanged (the shaped mold chase still corresponds to the regions of reduced thickness in the leadframe which are in the vicinity of the kerf width) and the resultant structure of the QFN is the same (e.g. the same as package 532 in
The methods described above do not require any additional process steps. The method is improved through use of a new design of leadframe and a correspondingly shaped lower mold chase.
It will be appreciated that although the diagrams show a leadframe and mold chase with sharp, right angle corners, there may in reality be rounded (e.g. as a result of processing artifacts), for example, half-etching of the leadframe results in rounded corners. Rounded corners help to ensure good adhesion to the film 502 and reduced mold flash (i.e. ingress of mold compound) under the regions of reduced thickness.
Although the reduced thickness regions 507, 808, 810 are shown as being approximately half the thickness of the leadframe, in other examples the thinned regions may be thicker (e.g. 75% of the full thickness) or thinner (e.g. 30% of the full thickness).
As described above, the improved method leads to improved inspection to guarantee reliability of the QFN package and the components in which they are used. Additionally, the improved method can be used on any pitch of leads (e.g. including leads having a pitch of 0.35 mm or less) and does not require any additional process steps or result in additional process cost or cycle time.
As described above, the improved methods described above are applicable to both non-PPF and PPF leadframes. Where the methods are used with PPF leadframes, the plating step shown in
Any range or device value given herein may be extended or altered without losing the effect sought, as will be apparent to the skilled person.
It will be understood that the benefits and advantages described above may relate to one embodiment or may relate to several embodiments. The embodiments are not limited to those that solve any or all of the stated problems or those that have any or all of the stated benefits and advantages.
Any reference to ‘an’ item refers to one or more of those items. The term ‘comprising’ is used herein to mean including the method blocks or elements identified, but that such blocks or elements do not comprise an exclusive list and a method or apparatus may contain additional blocks or elements.
The term ‘subset’ is used herein to refer to a proper subset, i.e. a subset of elements does not comprise all the elements in the set.
The steps of the methods described herein may be carried out in any suitable order, or simultaneously where appropriate. Additionally, individual blocks may be deleted from any of the methods without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter described herein. Aspects of any of the examples described above may be combined with aspects of any of the other examples described to form further examples without losing the effect sought.
It will be understood that the above description of a preferred embodiment is given by way of example only and that various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art. Although various embodiments have been described above with a certain degree of particularity, or with reference to one or more individual embodiments, those skilled in the art could make numerous alterations to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this invention.