Patent Application
20230387098
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a display apparatus using micro-light emitting diodes and a method of manufacturing the same.
A light emitting diode refers to an inorganic semiconductor device configured to emit light through recombination of electrons and holes, and has been used in various fields including displays, automobile lamps, general lighting, and the like. Since the light emitting diode has various advantages such as long lifespan, low power consumption, and rapid response, it is expected that a light emitting device using the light emitting diode will replace existing light sources.
Recently, smart TVs or monitors have realized colors using a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT LCD) panel and tend to use light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source for a backlight unit for color realization. In addition, a display apparatus is often manufactured using organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, for a TFT-LCD, since one LED is used as a light source for many pixels, a light source of a backlight unit is always turned on. Accordingly, the TFT-LCD suffers from constant power consumption regardless of brightness on a displayed screen. In order to compensate for this problem, some display apparatuses are configured to divide a screen into several regions so as to allow control of brightness in these regions. However, since several to dozens of thousands of pixels are used as a unit for division of the screen, it is difficult to achieve accurate regulation of brightness while reducing power consumption. On the other hand, although an OLED has continuously reduced power consumption through development of technology, the OLED still has much higher power consumption than LEDs formed of inorganic semiconductors, and thus has low efficiency.
In addition, a passive matrix (PM) drive type OLED can suffer from deterioration in response speed upon pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) of the OLED having large capacitance, and can suffer from deterioration in lifespan upon high current driving through pulse width modulation (PWM) for realizing a low duty ratio. Moreover, an active matrix (AM) driving type OLED requires connection of TFTs for each pixel, thereby causing increase in manufacturing costs and non-uniform brightness according to characteristics of TFTs.
The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the inventive concept, and, therefore, it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Exemplary embodiments provide a display apparatus using micro-light emitting diodes providing low power consumption to be applicable to a wearable apparatus, a smartphone, or a TV, and a method of manufacturing the same.
Exemplary embodiments provide a display apparatus providing low power consumption and enabling accurate regulation of brightness and a method of manufacturing the same.
Additional aspects will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and, in part, will be apparent from the disclosure, or may be learned by practice of the inventive concept.
An exemplary embodiment discloses a display apparatus including: a first substrate including a light emitting diode part including a plurality of light emitting diodes regularly arranged on the first substrate; and a second substrate including a TFT panel unit including a plurality of TFTs driving the light emitting diodes, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are coupled to each other so as to face each other such that the light emitting diodes are electrically connected to the TFTs, respectively.
The display apparatus may also include: a support substrate; a plurality of blue light emitting diodes arranged on an upper surface of the support substrate; a plurality of green light emitting diodes arranged on the upper surface of the support substrate to be placed adjacent the plurality of blue light emitting diodes; and a plurality of red light emitting diodes arranged on the upper surface of the support substrate to be placed adjacent either the plurality of blue light emitting diodes or the plurality of green light emitting diodes.
Each of the plurality of blue light emitting diodes, the plurality of green light emitting diodes and the plurality of red light emitting diodes may include an n-type semiconductor layer; a p-type semiconductor layer; an active layer interposed between the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer; an n-type electrode coupled to the n-type semiconductor layer; a p-type electrode coupled to the p-type semiconductor layer; and a wall surrounding the p-type electrode.
The display apparatus may further include a first bonding portion bonding the plurality of blue light emitting diodes to the support substrate; a second bonding portion bonding the plurality of green light emitting diodes to the support substrate; and a third bonding portion bonding the plurality of red light emitting diodes to the support substrate, and the first to third bonding portions may have different melting points.
The display apparatus may further include an anisotropic conductive film electrically connecting the light emitting diode part to the TFT panel unit.
The plurality of light emitting diodes may include blue light emitting diodes emitting blue light, and the display apparatus may further include a wavelength conversion part including at least one of a blue light portion emitting the blue light, a green light portion emitting green light through conversion of the blue light into the green light, and a red light portion emitting red light through conversion of the blue light into the red light.
The plurality of light emitting diodes may include blue light emitting diodes emitting blue light and red light emitting diodes emitting red light, and the display apparatus may further include a wavelength conversion part including at least one of a blue light portion emitting the blue light, a green light portion emitting green light through conversion of the blue light into the green light, and a red light portion emitting the red light.
The wavelength conversion part may be formed on a third substrate and the first substrate may be coupled to the third substrate to allow wavelength conversion of light emitted from the plurality of light emitting diodes. The green light portion and the red light portion may include phosphors. Specifically, the green light portion may include nitride phosphors and the red light portion may include nitride or fluoride phosphors (KSF).
At least one of the first to third substrates may be a transparent substrate or an opaque flexible substrate.
The plurality of light emitting diodes may include blue light emitting diodes emitting blue light, and the display apparatus may further include a white phosphor portion converting blue light emitted from the blue light emitting diodes into white light; and a color filter including a blue light portion allowing blue light of the white light emitted through the white phosphor portion to pass therethrough, a green light portion allowing green light of the white light emitted through the white phosphor portion to pass therethrough, and a red light portion allowing red light of the white light emitted through the white phosphor portion to pass therethrough.
Each of the light emitting diodes may include an n-type semiconductor layer, a p-type semiconductor layer, and an active layer interposed between the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer, and a wall may be formed on the p-type semiconductor layer.
An exemplary embodiment further discloses a display apparatus including: a backlight unit including a light emitting diode part and a TFT panel unit driving the light emitting diode part, the light emitting diode part including a plurality of light emitting diodes regularly arranged therein; and a TFT-LCD panel including a plurality of pixels selectively allowing light emitted from the backlight unit to pass therethrough so as to emit any one of blue light, green light and red light, wherein each of the light emitting diodes may be disposed to supply light to 1 to 1,000 pixels of the TFT-LCD panel.
The display apparatus may further include a first driver generating a first control signal controlling the backlight unit; and a second driver generating a second control signal controlling the TFT-LCD, and the first control signal may be interlinked with the second control signal.
The TFT-LCD panel may include a plurality of pixels and the plurality of light emitting diodes may be arranged corresponding to the plurality of pixels in the backlight unit, respectively.
The TFT-LCD panel may include a plurality of pixels and the plurality of light emitting diodes may be arranged to supply light to two to several hundred pixels among the plurality of pixels in the backlight unit.
The plurality of light emitting diodes may include blue light emitting diodes, and the display apparatus may further include a white phosphor or a white phosphor film converting blue light emitted from the blue light emitting diodes into white light.
A ratio (S/A) of luminous area S of the light emitting diodes to area A irradiated with light emitted from the light emitting diodes may be 1/1000 or less.
Each of the light emitting diodes may include an n-type semiconductor layer, a p-type semiconductor layer, and an active layer interposed between the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer, and a wall may be formed on the p-type semiconductor layer.
An exemplary embodiment further discloses a method of manufacturing a display apparatus including: forming a light emitting diode part such that a plurality of light emitting diodes is regularly arranged therein; and coupling the light emitting diode part to a TFT panel unit, wherein forming the light emitting diode part may include forming the plurality of light emitting diodes on a substrate to be regularly arranged thereon; transferring the plurality of light emitting diodes to a stretchable substrate; two-dimensionally enlarging the stretchable substrate such that a separation distance between the light emitting diodes is enlarged; and coupling at least one of the light emitting diodes to a support substrate, with the separation distance between the light emitting diodes enlarged by the stretchable substrate.
The separation distance between the light emitting diodes enlarged by the stretchable substrate may be twice a width of the light emitting diodes.
Coupling the light emitting diode part to the TFT panel unit may be performed using an anisotropic conductive film.
According to exemplary embodiments, the display apparatus may employ micro-light emitting diodes formed of nitride semiconductors and thus can provide high efficiency and high resolution to be applicable to a wearable apparatus while reducing power consumption.
Further, the display apparatus according to the exemplary embodiments may employ a stretchable substrate, thereby providing more convenience in manufacture of the display apparatus than manufacture of the display apparatus using micro-light emitting diodes.
The foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the claimed subject matter.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosed technology, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed technology, and together with the description serve to describe the principles of the disclosed technology.
In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various exemplary embodiments. It is apparent, however, that various exemplary embodiments may be practiced without these specific details or with one or more equivalent arrangements. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring various exemplary embodiments.
In the accompanying figures, the size and relative sizes of layers, films, panels, regions, etc., may be exaggerated for clarity and descriptive purposes. Also, like reference numerals denote like elements.
When an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer or intervening elements or layers may be present. When, however, an element or layer is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. For the purposes of this disclosure, “at least one of X, Y, and Z” and “at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z” may be construed as X only, Y only, Z only, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z, such as, for instance, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, and/or section from another element, component, region, layer, and/or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, and/or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, and/or section without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.
Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” and the like, may be used herein for descriptive purposes, and, thereby, to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the drawings. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of an apparatus in use, operation, and/or manufacture in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, if the apparatus in the drawings is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. Furthermore, the apparatus may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and, as such, the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms, “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Moreover, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and/or “including,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Various exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to sectional illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized exemplary embodiments and/or intermediate structures. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, exemplary embodiments disclosed herein should not be construed as limited to the particular illustrated shapes of regions, but are to include deviations in shapes that result from, for instance, manufacturing. Regions illustrated in the drawings are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the actual shape of a region of a device and are not intended to be limiting.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure is a part. Terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless expressly so defined herein.
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to
Referring to
The light emitting diode part 110 includes a plurality of light emitting diodes 112, and the plurality of light emitting diodes 112 is regularly arranged on the support substrate 114. For example, the plurality of light emitting diodes 112 may be arranged in a matrix form thereon, as shown in
In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in
Referring to
The n-type semiconductor layer 23 may include an n-type dopant (for example, Si) and the p-type semiconductor layer 27 may include a p-type dopant (for example, Mg). The active layer 25 is interposed between the n-type semiconductor layer 23 and the p-type semiconductor layer 27. The active layer 25 may have a multi-quantum well (MQW) structure and a composition of the active layer 25 may be determined so as to emit light having a desired peak wavelength.
In addition, the light emitting structure including the n-type semiconductor layer 23, the active layer 25 and the p-type semiconductor layer 27 may be formed similar to a vertical type light emitting diode 112. In this structure, the n-type electrode 31 may be formed on an outer surface of the n-type semiconductor layer 23 and the p-type electrode 33 may be formed on an outer surface of the p-type semiconductor layer 27.
Further, as shown in
The wall 35 may be formed to cover a portion of the p-type electrode 33 such that the p-type electrode 33 can be exposed on the p-type semiconductor layer 27, and may be composed of a plurality of layers, as shown in the drawings. The wall 35 may include a first layer and a second layer, and may be formed by forming the first layer including SiN on the p-type semiconductor layer 27 so as to cover a portion of the p-type electrode 33, followed by forming the second layer including SiO2 on the first layer. The second layer may have a greater thickness and a smaller width than the first layer.
The support substrate 114 is a substrate on which the plurality of light emitting diodes 112 will be mounted, and may be an insulation substrate, a conductive substrate, or a circuit board. By way of example, the support substrate 114 may be a sapphire substrate, a gallium nitride substrate, a glass substrate, a silicon carbide substrate, a silicon substrate, a metal substrate, or a ceramic substrate. The support substrate 114 is formed on an upper surface thereof with the plurality of conductive patterns to be electrically connected to the plurality of light emitting diodes 112 and may include a circuit pattern therein, as needed. The support substrate 114 may be a flexible substrate.
The transparent electrode 116 may be formed on the support substrate 114 and may be electrically connected to the p-type electrode 33 of the light emitting diode 112. In this exemplary embodiment, a plurality of transparent electrodes 116 may be formed on the support substrate 114, and one light emitting diode 112 may be coupled to one transparent electrode 116, or the plurality of light emitting diodes 112 may be coupled to one transparent electrode 116, as needed. In addition, the plural transparent electrodes 116 may be separated from each other on the support substrate 114. By way of example, the transparent electrodes 116 may be formed of indium tin oxide (ITO) and the like.
The blocking part 118 is formed on the support substrate 114 and is provided in plural. The blocking part 118 allows light emitted from the light emitting diodes 112 to be emitted to the outside only through the transparent electrodes 116 and prevents light emitted from a certain light emitting diode from mixing with light emitted from adjacent light emitting diodes 112. Accordingly, the blocking part 118 may be formed between the transparent electrodes 116 separated from each other and may be formed to cover a portion of each of the transparent electrodes 116, as needed. In this exemplary embodiment, the blocking part 118 is formed of chromium (Cr).
The insulation layer 120 surrounds each of the light emitting diodes 112 and covers an exposed surface of a connecting plane between the light emitting diodes 112. With this structure, the insulation layer 120 may be formed to partially cover the blocking part 118. In the structure wherein the insulation layer 120 surrounds each of the light emitting diodes 112, the n-type semiconductor layer 23 and the n-type electrode 31 of each of the light emitting diodes 112 can be exposed through the insulation layer 120.
The first connection electrodes 122 cover the insulation layer 120 and may also cover the n-type semiconductor layer 23 and the n-type electrode 31 not covered by the insulation layer 120. Accordingly, the first connection electrodes 122 may be electrically connected to the n-type semiconductor layer 23.
The TFT panel unit 130 includes a panel substrate 132 and second connection electrodes 134, and is coupled to the light emitting diode part 110 to supply power to the light emitting diode part 110. The TFT panel unit 130 controls power supplied to the light emitting diode part 110 to allow only some of the light emitting diodes 112 in the light emitting diode part 110 to emit light.
The panel substrate 132 has a TFT drive circuit therein. The TFT drive circuit may be a circuit for driving an active matrix (AM) or a circuit for driving a passive matrix (PM).
The second connection electrode 134 may be electrically connected to the TFT drive circuit of the panel substrate 132 and to the first connection electrode 122 of the light emitting diode part 110. In this structure, power supplied through the TFT drive circuit can be supplied to each of the light emitting diodes 112 through the first and second connection electrodes 122, 134. In this exemplary embodiment, the second connection electrode 134 may be covered by a separate protective layer, which may include SiNx.
The anisotropic conductive film 150 serves to electrically connect the light emitting diode part 110 to the TFT panel unit 130. The anisotropic conductive film 150 includes an adhesive organic insulation material and contains conductive particles uniformly dispersed therein to achieve electrical connection. The anisotropic conductive film 150 exhibits conductivity in the thickness direction thereof and insulation properties in the plane direction thereof. In addition, the anisotropic conductive film exhibits adhesive properties and can be used to bond the light emitting diode part 110 to the TFT panel such that the light emitting diode part 110 can be electrically connected to the TFT panel therethrough. Particularly, the anisotropic conductive film 150 can be advantageously used to connect ITO electrodes which are difficult to solder at high temperature.
As such, in the structure wherein the light emitting diode part 110 is coupled to the TFT panel via the anisotropic conductive film 150, the first connection electrode 122 of the light emitting diode part 110 is electrically connected to the second connection electrode 134 of the TFT panel unit 130, thereby forming an electrode connection portion 152.
The process of forming the light emitting diode part 110 according to this exemplary embodiment will be described with reference to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Then, as shown in
With the distances between the light emitting diodes 112 enlarged, the light emitting diodes 112 are coupled to a fourth substrate such that the n-type electrodes 31 can be coupled to the fourth substrate, as shown in
Then, referring to
Referring to
Although not shown in the drawings, in the case where only some light emitting diodes 112 are selectively coupled to the support substrate 114 by applying external force only to target light emitting diodes among the plurality of light emitting diodes 112 arranged on the fourth substrate as shown in
In this exemplary embodiment, with regard to mounting the light emitting diodes 112 on the support substrate 114 as shown in
Like
The first to third bonding portions 51, S2, S3 may have different bonding temperatures. Specifically, the first bonding portion S1 has the highest bonding temperature and the third bonding portion S3 has the lowest bonding temperature. For example, the first bonding portion S1 is formed of AgSn and has a bonding temperature of about 230° C. and the second bonding portion S2 is formed of ZnSn and has a bonding temperature of about 198° C. The third bonding portion S3 is formed of In and has a bonding temperature of about 157° C. The bonding temperatures of the first to third bonding portions 51, S2, S3 are differently set due to different bonding sequences of the light emitting diodes 112 to the respective bonding portions S.
Since the blue light emitting diodes 112a are first bonded to the support substrate 114, the first bonding portion S1 has the highest bonding temperature. Thus, since the first bonding portion S1 has a higher bonding temperature than the second bonding portion S2 or the third bonding portion S3, the first bonding portion S1 can maintain a bonded state of the blue light emitting diodes 112a during bonding of the green light emitting diodes 112b or the red light emitting diodes 112c.
After the first to third bonding portions S1, S2, S3 are formed on the support substrate 114 as shown in
In this exemplary embodiment, separation distances between the blue light emitting diode 112a, the green light emitting diode 112b and the red light emitting diode 112c formed on the different fourth substrates may be at least twice the width of each of the light emitting diodes 112. In this way, with the distances between the light emitting diodes maintained at at least twice the width of each of the light emitting diodes on the support substrate 114, the light emitting diodes 112 are bonded to the support substrate 114, thereby preventing interference between the other light emitting diodes 112.
With the n-type semiconductor layer 23 and the n-type electrode 31 exposed through the upper surface of the insulation layer 120, first connection electrodes 122 may be formed on the upper surface of the insulation layer 120 to cover the n-type semiconductor layer 23 and the n-type electrodes 31, as shown in
Thereafter, the light emitting diode part 110 is bonded to the TFT panel unit 130 via an anisotropic connection film, as shown in
Referring to
The light emitting diode part 110 includes light emitting diodes 112, transparent electrodes 116, a blocking part 118, an insulation layer 120, first connection electrodes 122, a transparent substrate 124, a phosphor layer 126, and a protective substrate 128.
The light emitting diode part 110 includes a plurality of light emitting diodes 112, and blue light emitting diodes 112a emitting blue light may be used as the light emitting diodes 112. The blue light emitting diodes 112a are electrically connected to the transparent electrodes 116 and the blocking part 118 may be formed between the transparent electrodes 116. In addition, the transparent substrate 124 may be formed on the transparent electrode 116. The transparent substrate 124 may serve as the support substrate 114 of the display apparatus 100 according to the first exemplary embodiment. Alternatively, as in the first exemplary embodiment, after forming the light emitting diode part 110 using the support substrate 114, the support substrate 114 may be removed therefrom and the transparent substrate 124 may be formed again.
The phosphor layer 126 may be formed on an upper surface of the transparent substrate 124. The phosphor layer 126 may be formed on the blue light emitting diodes 112a such that one of a green phosphor layer 126b, a red phosphor layer 126c and a transparent layer 126e is formed thereon. In addition, a blocking layer 126d may be formed between the green phosphor layer 126b, the red phosphor layer 126c and the transparent layer 126e. The green phosphor layer 126b converts wavelengths of light emitted from the blue light emitting diode 112a such that green light can be emitted from the green phosphor layer 126b, and the red phosphor layer 126c converts wavelengths of light emitted from the blue light emitting diode 112a such that red light can be emitted from the red phosphor layer 126c. The transparent layer 126e is placed near the green phosphor layer 126b and the red phosphor layer 126c to allow blue light emitted from the blue light emitting diode 112a to pass therethrough. Accordingly, red light, green light and blue light can be emitted through the phosphor layer 126.
The protective substrate 128 may be formed on an upper surface of the phosphor layer 126. The protective substrate 128 can prevent the phosphor layer 126 from being exposed to the outside and may be formed of a transparent material as in the transparent substrate 124.
Referring to
The light emitting diode part 110 includes light emitting diodes 112, transparent electrodes 116, a blocking part 118, a white phosphor film 125, and a color film.
The light emitting diode part 110 includes a plurality of light emitting diodes 112, and blue light emitting diodes 112a are used as in the second exemplary embodiment. The blue light emitting diodes 112a are electrically connected to the transparent electrodes 116 and the blocking part 118 may be formed between the transparent electrodes 116. The white phosphor film 125 may be formed on an upper surface of the transparent electrode 116.
The white phosphor film 125 converts blue light emitted from the blue light emitting diode 112a into white light. To this end, the white phosphor film 125 may include a green phosphor and a red phosphor.
The color filter 127 may be formed on an upper surface of the white phosphor film 125. The color filter 127 may be formed in a film shape and filters white light emitted from the white phosphor film 125 excluding one of blue light, green light and red light of the white light. The color filter 127 may include a blue light portion 127a that filters white light to allow blue light to pass therethrough, a green light portion 127b that filters white light to allow green light to pass therethrough, and a red light portion 127c that filters white light to allow red light to pass therethrough. The color filter 127 may further include a transparent portion 127e to allow white light to pass therethrough without wavelength conversion.
The blue light portion 127a, the green light portion 127b, the red light portion 127c and the transparent portion 127e may be disposed adjacent one another. Alternatively, a light blocking portion 127d may be formed between the blue light portion 127a, the green light portion 127b, the red light portion 127c and the transparent portion 127e.
Referring to
The light emitting diode part 110 includes light emitting diodes 112, transparent electrodes 116, a blocking part 118, a transparent substrate 124, a white phosphor film 125, and a color film.
The light emitting diode part 110 includes a plurality of light emitting diodes 112, and blue light emitting diodes 112a are used as in the second exemplary embodiment. The blue light emitting diodes 112a are electrically connected to the transparent electrodes 116 and the blocking part 118 may be formed between the transparent electrodes 116. The transparent substrate 124 may be formed on an upper surface of the transparent electrode 116.
The transparent substrate 124 may serve as the support substrate 114 of the display apparatus 100 according to the first exemplary embodiment. Alternatively, as in the first exemplary embodiment, after forming the light emitting diode part 110 using the support substrate 114, the support substrate 114 may be removed therefrom and the transparent substrate 124 may be formed again.
The white phosphor film 125 may be formed on an upper surface of the transparent electrode 116 and the color filter 127 may be formed on an upper surface of the white phosphor film 125. The white phosphor film 125 and the color filter 127 are the same as those of the display apparatus according to the third exemplary embodiment and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.
Referring to
The backlight unit 200 illuminates the display apparatus. In this exemplary embodiment, the backlight unit 200 has substantially the same structure as the display apparatus according to the fourth exemplary embodiment excluding the color filter 127.
A first driver 260 controls power to be applied to blue light emitting diodes 212a disposed inside the backlight unit 200. Brightness and operation of the blue light emitting diodes 212a of the backlight unit 200 can be controlled by the first driver 260.
The TFT-LCD panel unit 300 realizes a desired color when light emitted from the backlight unit 200 passes through the TFT-LCD panel unit 300. As shown in
A second driver 310 may individually control the liquid crystals of the TFT-LCD panel unit 300 to allow light to pass through the liquid crystals. That is, a single pixel P includes four liquid crystals and the second driver 310 controls transmittance of light through control of each of the liquid crystals such that a desired color can be realized in the corresponding pixel P.
In this way, the second driver 310 is driven to control the TFT-LCD panel unit 300 so as to allow the TFT-LCD panel unit 300 to realize a desired image, and a control signal sent from the second driver 310 to the TFT-LCD panel unit 300 may also be sent to the first driver 260. That is, the first driver 260 can control the backlight unit 200 using the same control signal as the control signal used by the second driver 310 at the same time point. Accordingly, operation of each of the blue light emitting diodes 212a in the backlight unit 200 can be controlled through control of the first driver 260.
In this way, the first driver 260 and the second driver 310 are interlinked so as to send the same control signal. The backlight unit 200 may allow some of the plural blue light emitting diodes 212a to emit light under control of the first driver 260 and may allow light to pass through only some liquid crystals in the TFT-LCD panel unit 300 under control of the second driver 310. Accordingly, in the backlight unit 200, only some liquid crystals disposed above the blue light emitting diodes 212a, which are controlled to emit light, may be controlled to allow light to pass therethrough.
Although a typical display apparatus also includes the TFT-LCD panel unit 300 and the backlight unit 200, the backlight unit 200 of the typical display apparatus does not include a separate driver and is kept turned on during operation of the TFT-LCD panel unit 300. With this structure, the typical display apparatus has a problem of high power consumption due to operation of the backlight unit since the backlight unit 200 continues to operate except in the case where the TFT-LCD panel unit 300 is not operated. However, since the backlight unit 200 according to this exemplary embodiment is operated in association with the TFT-LCD panel unit 300, the display apparatus according to this exemplary embodiment can be controlled in a unit of the pixel P during operation of the overall display apparatus, so that the overall backlight unit 200 is not driven during operation of the display apparatus, thereby achieving reduction in power consumption.
Furthermore, since the TFT-LCD panel unit 300 controls a display screen depending upon transmittance of light therethrough, there is a limit in accurate control of brightness. However, in the display apparatus including the backlight unit 200 according to this exemplary embodiment, the backlight unit 200 supplies light, thereby achieving more accurate control of brightness than the typical display apparatus.
In the display apparatus according to the fifth exemplary embodiment, the backlight unit 200 includes the blue light emitting diodes 212a such that one blue light emitting diode corresponds to one pixel P of the TFT-LCD panel unit 300. Alternatively, the backlight unit 200 may include the blue light emitting diodes 212a such that one blue light emitting diode 212a corresponds to hundreds of pixels P (for examples, 1000 pixels or less). That is, one blue light emitting diode 212a corresponding to hundreds of pixels P is driven, thereby enabling reduction in power consumption through reduction in the number of blue light emitting diodes 212a.
Referring to
The growth substrate 21 may be selected from among any substrates allowing growth of nitride semiconductor layers thereon and may be an insulation or conductive substrate. By way of example, the growth substrate 21 may be a sapphire substrate, a silicon substrate, a silicon carbide substrate, an aluminum nitride substrate, or a gallium nitride substrate. In this exemplary embodiment, the growth substrate 21 may be a sapphire substrate and may include a C-plane as a growth plane on which nitride semiconductor layers are grown.
The growth substrate 21 may be formed of a transparent material in order to allow light emitted from nitride semiconductor layers grown thereon to be emitted to the outside through the growth substrate 21. The growth substrate 21 may be formed as thin as possible so as to have a thickness of about 50 μm to 100a μm, and then may be removed from the display apparatus 100a by laser beams, as will be described below.
Each of the light emitting structures 123 includes an n-type semiconductor layer 23, an active layer 25 disposed on the n-type semiconductor layer 23, and a p-type semiconductor layer 27 disposed on the active layer 25. The n-type semiconductor layer 23, the active layer 25 and the p-type semiconductor layer 27 may include a Group III-V based compound semiconductor, for example, a nitride semiconductor such as (Al, Ga, In)N. In other exemplary embodiments, locations of the n-type semiconductor layer 23 and the p-type semiconductor layer 27 can be interchanged.
The n-type semiconductor layer 23 may include an n-type dopant (for example, S1) and the p-type semiconductor layer 27 may include a p-type dopant (for example, Mg). The active layer 25 may have a multi-quantum well (MQW) structure and a composition of the active layer may be determined so as to emit light having a desired peak wavelength. In this exemplary embodiment, the active layer 25 may be configured to emit blue light or UV light.
As shown in
Although the light emitting structure 123 uses a flip-chip type light emitting diode in this exemplary embodiment, it should be understood that a vertical type light emitting diode or a lateral type light emitting diode may also be used. In the sixth exemplary embodiment, each of the light emitting structures may have a size of about 2 μm to 50 μm.
In addition, as shown in
The support substrate 37 is a substrate on which the plurality of light emitting structures 123 is mounted, and may include a plurality of conductive patterns 135 formed on an upper surface thereof. The support substrate 37 may be an insulation substrate, a conductive substrate, or a circuit board. By way of example, the support substrate 37 may be a sapphire substrate, a gallium nitride substrate, a glass substrate, a silicon carbide substrate, a silicon substrate, a metal substrate, or a ceramic substrate. The support substrate 37 is formed on the upper surface thereof with the plurality of conductive patterns 135 to be electrically connected to the light emitting structures 123 and may include a circuit pattern therein.
The conductive patterns 135 may be formed on the upper surface of the support substrate 37 to be electrically connected to the plurality of light emitting diodes, respectively, and the plurality of light emitting diodes may be electrically connected to each other via the circuit pattern formed inside the substrate.
Further, an n-type substrate electrode 39 and a p-type substrate electrode 41 may be respectively formed on one or more conductive patterns of the plural conductive patterns 135 to be electrically connected to an external power source.
As such, the support substrate 37 having the conductive patterns 135 formed thereon may be coupled to the growth substrate 21 having the light emitting structures 123 grown thereon. That is, the growth substrate 21 having the light emitting structures 123 used as the light emitting diodes is turned upside down and electrically connected to the support substrate 37 such that the light emitting structures 123 electrically contact the conductive patterns 135 formed on the upper surface of the support substrate 37. As a result, the plurality of light emitting structures 123 is electrically connected to the plurality of conductive patterns 135.
The plurality light emitting structures 123 may be coupled to the plurality of conductive patterns 135 via the n-type bumps 131 and the p-type bumps 133, respectively. Each of the n-type bumps 131 is formed at a side of the n-type semiconductor layer 23 to be electrically connected to the exposed n-type semiconductor layer 23 of the light emitting structure 123, and each of the p-type bumps 133 is formed at a side of the p-type semiconductor layer 27 to be electrically connected to the p-type semiconductor layer 27. With this structure, the light emitting structures 123 may be electrically connected to the plurality of conductive patterns 135, respectively.
The n-type bumps 131 and the p-type bumps 133 serve to couple the light emitting structures 123 to the support substrate 37, and may include a metallic material to allow the plurality of light emitting structures 123 and the plurality of conductive patterns 135 to be electrically connected to each other therethrough.
Thus, the growth substrate 21 having the light emitting structures 123 grown thereon may be coupled to the support substrate 37 having the conductive patterns 135 formed thereon via the n-type bumps 131 and the p-type bumps 133, such that the plurality of light emitting structures 123 is placed under the growth substrate 21, as shown in
As described above, the wavelength conversion part 43 is disposed on an upper surface of each of the light emitting structures 123 in the structure wherein the light emitting structures 123 are coupled to the support substrate 37. Specifically, as shown in
In the sixth exemplary embodiment, the wavelength conversion part 43 may be formed in a film shape and may include the red light portion 43a, which converts light emitted from the plurality of light emitting structures 123 into red light, the green light portion 43b, which converts light emitted from the plurality of light emitting structures 123 into green light, and the blue light portion 43c, which converts light emitted from the plurality of light emitting structures 123 into blue light. Here, if light emitted from the plurality of light emitting structures 123 is blue light, there is no need for a separate blue light portion 43c. Thus, the wavelength conversion part 43 may include a transparent portion so as to allow light emitted from the light emitting structure 123 disposed at a location of the blue light portion 43c to pass therethrough without being subjected to wavelength conversion.
If light emitted from the plurality of light emitting structures 123 is UV light, the wavelength conversion part 43 may include the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b, and the blue light portion 43c. In this structure, each of the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c may include phosphors for converting the wavelengths of light emitted from the light emitting structures 123.
That is, the red light portion 43a may include at least one of quantum dot phosphors, sulfide phosphors and fluoride phosphors in order to convert light emitted from the corresponding light emitting structure 123 into red light having a peak wavelength of 610 nm to 650 nm. The fluoride-based phosphors may be phosphors represented by Formula A2MF6:MN4+, wherein A is one of Li, Na, K, Ba, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Se and Zn and M is one of Ti, Si, Zr, Sn and Ge. The green light portion 43b may include at least one of BAM (Ba—Al—Mg) phosphors, quantum dot phosphors, silicate phosphors, bata-SiAlON phosphors, garnet phosphors, LSN phosphors and fluoride phosphors in order to convert light emitted from the light emitting structure 123 into green light having a peak wavelength of 500 nm to 570 nm. If light emitted from the plurality of light emitting structures 123 is UV light, the blue light portion 43c may include phosphors capable of converting UV light into blue light having a peak wavelength of 460 nm to 480 nm.
In this exemplary embodiment, the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c may be restrictively formed only on the upper surfaces of the light emitting structures 123, as shown in
As such, light emitted from the plurality of light emitting structures 123 is subjected to wavelength conversion through the wavelength conversion part 43 having the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c distributed therein to emit red light, green light and blue light at the corresponding locations. In this exemplary embodiment, the wavelength conversion part 43 includes a blocking portion 43d blocking light emitted from the light emitting structures 123 and formed where the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c are not distributed. In this structure, light emitted from the plurality of light emitting structures 123 can be subjected to wavelength conversion only through the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c before discharge to the outside, and the blocking portion 43d can prevent light emitted from adjacent light emitting structures 123 from mixing with each other.
As described above, the wavelength conversion part 43 is formed in a film shape in which the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b, the blue light portion 43c, and the blocking portion 43d are disposed on a coplanar surface, whereby light emitted from the plurality of light emitting structures 123 can be discharged to the outside only through the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c.
Each of the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c may be formed in a circular shape so as to be formed only on the upper surfaces of the light emitting structures 123 in plan view, as shown in
In this structure, since the growth substrate 21 is a transparent substrate, light emitted from the plurality of light emitting structures 123 can be discharged through a side surface of the growth substrate 21 while passing through the transparent growth substrate 21. As a result, light emitted from one light emitting structure 123 can also be discharged not only to the red light portion 43a, but also to the green light portion 43b or the blue light portion 43c. Thus, in order to prevent this problem, the blocking portion 43d may be disposed between the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c. In addition, a separation distance (L) between the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c must not be greater than a distance (d) from the active layer of the light emitting structure 123, through which light is emitted, to the wavelength conversion part 43. In this way, with the structure wherein the separation distance (L) is greater than or equal to the distance (d), the display apparatus can minimize interference of light spreading in a lateral direction from the growth substrate 21.
Referring to
As described in the sixth exemplary embodiment, since light emitted from the light emitting structures 123 is discharged to the wavelength conversion part 43 through the growth substrate 21, light emitted from the plurality of light emitting structures 123 can be mixed while passing through the growth substrate 21. Accordingly, in the seventh exemplary embodiment, the growth substrate 21 is removed and the wavelength conversion part 43 may be formed on an upper surface of the light emitting structure 123. In this structure, the distance from the active layer 25 of the light emitting structure 123 to the wavelength conversion part 43 is decreased as compared with that in the sixth exemplary embodiment, light emitted from the light emitting structure 123 can be directly discharged to the wavelength conversion part 43.
In the seventh exemplary embodiment, the wavelength conversion part 43 may have a film shape including the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b, the blue light portion 43c, and the blocking portion 43d, as in the sixth exemplary embodiment.
In addition, the plural light emitting structures 123 are arranged on the support substrate 37 to form an array of light emitting diodes, as in the sixth exemplary embodiment.
Referring to
In the display apparatus 100a according to the eighth exemplary embodiment, the growth substrate 21 is removed and the wavelength conversion part 43 is formed on an upper surface of the light emitting structure 123, as in the seventh exemplary embodiment. However, unlike the seventh exemplary embodiment, in the wavelength conversion part 43 according to the eighth exemplary embodiment, one of the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c may be directly formed on the upper surface of each of the light emitting structures 123. Thus, in the wavelength conversion part 43 according to the eighth exemplary embodiment, the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c may be separated from each other and a separate blocking portion 43d may be omitted.
Further, if the light emitting structure 123 is a UV light emitting diode configured to emit UV light, the wavelength conversion part 43 may include the blue light portion 43c configured to convert UV light into blue light, and if the light emitting structure 123 is a blue light emitting diode configured to emit blue light, a separate wavelength conversion part 43 may not be formed on the upper surface of the blue light emitting diode. In some exemplary embodiments, a transparent resin may be formed on the upper surface of the blue light emitting diode to prevent wavelength conversion of light.
In addition, the plural light emitting structures 123 are arranged on the support substrate 37 to form an array of light emitting diodes, as in the sixth exemplary embodiment.
Referring to
In the ninth exemplary embodiment, the light emitting structures 123 may be grown on an upper surface of the growth substrate 21, which may be formed of an opaque material such as Si. With this structure, the display apparatus can minimize mixing of light emitted from the light emitting structures 123 before reaching the wavelength conversion part 43.
In addition, the high resistance layer 45 is formed on the upper surface of the growth substrate 21 and the light emitting structures 123 are formed on an upper surface of the high resistance layer 45, whereby the high resistance layer 45 can secure insulation between the light emitting structures 123 even in the case where the growth substrate 21 exhibits conductivity. In addition, the plural light emitting structures 123 are arranged on the support substrate 37 to form an array of light emitting diodes, as in the sixth exemplary embodiment.
Referring to
In the display apparatus 100a according to the tenth exemplary embodiment, the high resistance layer 45 is formed on an upper surface of the opaque growth substrate 21, and the light emitting structures 123 are formed on an upper surface of the high resistance layer 45, as in the ninth exemplary embodiment. In addition, a plurality of trenches H may be formed on the high resistance layer 45 and the growth substrate 21 to be placed between the light emitting structures 123. The plurality of trenches H may be formed by etching and may completely isolate the light emitting structures 123 from each other so as to secure insulation therebetween. In addition, the plural light emitting structures 123 are arranged on the support substrate 37 to form an array of light emitting diodes, as in the sixth exemplary embodiment.
Referring to
In the display apparatus 100a according to the eleventh exemplary embodiment, the light emitting structures 123 are grown on an upper surface of the growth substrate 21 and electrode pads 51 are formed on upper surfaces of the light emitting structures 123, as in the first exemplary embodiment. In addition, with the growth substrate 21 turned upside down, the light emitting structures 123 are coupled to the support substrate 37 having substrate electrodes 55 formed on an upper surface thereof such that the electrode pads 51 are electrically connected to the support substrate 37 via bumps 53. The growth substrate 21 can be removed later and the transparent electrode 47 may be disposed on the upper surfaces of the light emitting structures 123 from which the growth substrate 21 is removed. As a result, as shown in
In addition, the plural light emitting structures 123 are arranged on the support substrate 37 to form an array of light emitting diodes, as in the sixth exemplary embodiment. The plural light emitting structures 123 may form an array of flip-chip type light emitting diodes or an array of vertical type light emitting diodes.
In the structure shown in
In the eleventh exemplary embodiment, the light emitting structures 123 are light emitting diodes configured to emit blue light or UV light as in the sixth exemplary embodiment, and the white phosphor film 49 converts blue light or UV light emitted from the light emitting structures 123 into white light. Accordingly, light emitted through the white phosphor film 49 may be converted into red light through the red light portion 43a of the wavelength conversion part 43, green light through the green light portion 43b thereof, and blue light through the blue light portion 43c thereof.
In addition, the wavelength conversion part 43 includes a blocking portion 43d formed between the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c to block light emitted through the white phosphor film 49 from being discharged to other regions excluding the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b, and the blue light portion 43c.
With the light emitting structures 123 coupled to the support substrate 37, the growth substrate 21 may be separated from the light emitting structures 123 before formation of the white phosphor film 49, as in the seventh exemplary embodiment. The growth substrate 21 is a transparent substrate and is removed from the light emitting structures, thereby preventing light emitted from the light emitting structures 123 from being mixed with each other in the growth substrate 21 before conversion into white light in the white phosphor film 49.
The support substrate 37 may be a hard substrate, a flexible substrate, or a stretchable substrate. Alternatively, the support substrate 37 may be a printed circuit board (PCB) having integrated circuits printed thereon. By way of example, the support substrate may be a Si CMOS IC or an organic IC.
As described above, in order to mount the light emitting structures on a flexible substrate, the growth substrate 21 is removed from the light emitting structures by laser lift-off, wet etching or the like, and then the wavelength conversion part is printed on or attached in the form of a film to the upper surfaces of the light emitting structures. As a result, since the light emitting structures coupled to an upper surface of the flexible support substrate are separated from each other, the shape of the display apparatus can be conveniently modified as needed.
For the display apparatus according to the eleventh exemplary embodiment, formation of the white phosphor film 49 on the upper surfaces of the light emitting structures 123 is more advantageous in terms of manufacturing process than formation of a phosphor layer on an upper surface of each of the light emitting structures 123. Since the plurality of light emitting structures 123 has a micrometer scale, formation of the phosphor layer on the upper surface of each of the light emitting structures 123 provides a difficult manufacturing process.
In addition, formation of the white phosphor film 49 on the entire upper surfaces of the plural light emitting structures 123 is more advantageous in terms of color reproduction of the display apparatus through color mixing and diffusion than formation of the wavelength conversion part 43 alone on the upper surfaces of the plural light emitting structures 123.
Referring to
In the display apparatus 100a according to the eleventh exemplary embodiment, a plurality of light emitting structures 123 is grown on an upper surface of the growth substrate 21 and is then coupled to the support substrate 37 on which a plurality of conductive patterns 135 is formed, as in the above exemplary embodiments. After the plurality of light emitting structures 123 is coupled to the support substrate 37, the growth substrate 21 is removed from the light emitting structures, and the transparent member T is formed on upper surfaces of the plurality of light emitting structures 123. Thereafter, a blocking portion 43d is formed on an upper surface of the transparent member T to prevent color mixing, and a mask pattern M is formed on an upper surface of the blocking portion 43d to form a red light portion 43a, a green light portion 43b and a blue light portion 43c. Although the following description will focus on the formation of the red light portion 43a, the green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c may also be formed by the same process.
Then, as shown in
After completion of curing the red phosphor containing liquid deposited on the mask pattern, the cured liquid is removed together with the mask pattern M from the blocking portion 43d excluding a region of the blocking portion 43d subjected to etching. As a result, the red light portion 43a can be formed as shown in
The green light portion 43b and the blue light portion 43c can also be formed by repeating the above processes, thereby forming a display apparatus as shown in
In this exemplary embodiment, the transparent member T may be a transparent film or a sapphire substrate, which is the growth substrate 21 through which light emitted from each of the light emitting structures 123 can pass, or the transparent electrode 47 which exhibits conductivity.
The display apparatus according to the thirteenth exemplary embodiment includes light emitting structures 123, n-type bumps, p-type bumps, a support substrate 37, and a wavelength conversion part. Description of the same components as those of the above exemplary embodiments will be omitted. The following description will focus on a process of coupling light emitting structures 123 grown on the growth substrate 21 to the support substrate 37 with reference to
The light emitting structure 123 may include a partially exposed region of the n-type semiconductor layer, which is formed by partially removing the p-type semiconductor layer and the active layer. An n-type electrode pad may be placed on the exposed region of the n-type semiconductor layer and a p-type electrode pad may be placed on the p-type semiconductor layer.
Although the light emitting structure 123 uses a flip-chip type light emitting diode in this exemplary embodiment, it should be understood that a vertical type light emitting diode or a lateral type light emitting diode may also be used.
The growth substrate 21 may be selected from among any substrates allowing growth of nitride semiconductor layers thereon and may be an insulation or conductive substrate. By way of example, the growth substrate 21 may be a sapphire substrate, a silicon substrate, a silicon carbide substrate, an aluminum nitride substrate, or a gallium nitride substrate. In this exemplary embodiment, the growth substrate 21 may be a sapphire substrate and may include a C-plane as a growth plane on which nitride semiconductor layers are grown.
As shown in
With the growth substrate 21 turned upside down, the light emitting structures 123 grown on the growth substrate 21 are coupled to an upper surface of the stretchable sheet, as shown in
Thereafter, as shown in
In this way, the stretchable sheet SS is turned upside down in a stretched state and coupled to a fixing sheet FS via the light emitting structures 123 such that the light emitting structures 123 are coupled to the fixing sheet. This state is shown in
After each of the light emitting structures 123 is coupled to the fixing sheet FS, the plurality of light emitting structures 123 is coupled to the support substrate 37 and the fixing sheet FS is removed from the light emitting structures, as shown in
As described above, since the separation distances between the plural light emitting structures 123 may be adjusted using the stretchable sheet SS, the light emitting structures 123 may be simultaneously transferred to the support substrate after uniformly increasing the distances therebetween. Accordingly, the plurality of light emitting structures 123 used in the display apparatus according to the present disclosure may also be used not only in a small wearable apparatus, but also in a large display.
Although certain exemplary embodiments and implementations have been described herein, other embodiments and modifications will be apparent from this description. Accordingly, the inventive concept is not limited to such embodiments, but rather to the broader scope of the presented claims and various obvious modifications and equivalent arrangements.
This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/886,847, filed on Aug. 12, 2022, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/915,026, filed on Jun. 29, 2020, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/285,692, filed on Feb. 26, 2019, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,833,057, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/851,718, filed Dec. 21, 2017, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,312,225, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/218,514, filed Jul. 25, 2016, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,887,184, each of which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Nos. 62/196,282, filed on Jul. 23, 2015, and U.S. Provisional patent application No. 62/267,770, filed on Dec. 15, 2015, each of which is incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62267770 | Dec 2015 | US | |
| 62196282 | Jul 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16915026 | Jun 2020 | US |
| Child | 17886847 | US | |
| Parent | 16285692 | Feb 2019 | US |
| Child | 16915026 | US | |
| Parent | 15851718 | Dec 2017 | US |
| Child | 16285692 | US | |
| Parent | 15218514 | Jul 2016 | US |
| Child | 15851718 | US |
