In-situ CVD and ALD coating of chamber to control metal contamination

Abstract

Embodiments of the systems and methods herein are directed towards forming, via ALD or CVD, a protective film in-situ on a plurality of interior components of a process chamber. The interior components coated with the protective film include a chamber sidewall, a chamber bottom, a substrate support pedestal, a showerhead, and a chamber top. The protective film can be of various compositions including amorphous Si, carbosilane, polysilicon, SiC, SiN, SiO2, Al2O3, AlON, HfO2, or Ni3Al, and can vary in thickness from about 80 nm to about 250 nm.

Description

BACKGROUND

Field

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to apparatuses, systems and methods for processing one or more substrates, and more specifically to apparatuses, systems and methods for process chamber preparation.

Description of the Related Art

Substrate process chambers may be subject to high temperatures above 200° C. and high pressures above 1 bar, which creates a harsh, corrosive environment which can lead to the degrading of the internal components of the process chambers. The internal components are exposed to these high temperature and high pressure environments, especially in combination with process gases introduced to the process chamber during substrate processing. Various coatings and films may be employed to reduce this corrosion, however, those coatings and films may not be robust enough to withstand the processing conditions and may corrode or otherwise degrade during the use of the process chamber. This corrosion can negatively impact the substrate(s) processed, for example, by the corroded surface flaking or peeling or otherwise disassociating and falling on to the substrate and contaminating the substrate.

Thus, there is a need in the art for improved protection of the internal components of process chambers.

SUMMARY

Various methods of forming protective films on surfaces including interior surfaces of a process chamber are discussed herein. In one example, the method includes forming, via ALD or CVD, in a process chamber, a protective film on a plurality of interior components comprising a chamber sidewall, a chamber bottom, a substrate support pedestal, a showerhead, and a chamber top; and positioning, subsequent to forming the protective film, a substrate on the substrate support pedestal. The substrate is in contact with a portion of the substrate support pedestal that does not comprise the protective film.

In another example, a method of protecting a process chamber, includes: introducing at least one gas to a process chamber; removing, in response to the positioning of the at least one gas in the process chamber, a first protective film from a plurality of interior components of the process chamber. The method further includes forming, via ALD or CVD, in the process chamber, a second protective film on the plurality of interior components, wherein the second protective film comprises amorphous Si, carbosilane, polysilicon, SiC, SiN, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, AlON, HfO₂, or Ni₃Al. Furthermore in this example, the method includes positioning, subsequent to forming the second protective film, a substrate on a substrate support pedestal.

In another example, a method of processing a substrate includes introducing at least one gas to a process chamber; removing, in response to the positioning of the at least one gas in the process chamber, a first protective film from a plurality of interior components of the process chamber. The method further includes forming, via ALD or CVD, in the process chamber, a second protective film on the plurality of interior components, wherein the second protective film comprises amorphous Si, carbosilane, polysilicon, SiC, SiN, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, AlON, HfO₂, or Ni₃Al. The method further includes positioning, subsequent to forming the second protective film, a substrate on a substrate support pedestal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example substrate process chamber according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a method of in-situ formation of a protective film in a process chamber according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Systems and methods discussed herein relate to the preparation of substrate process chambers such that the process chambers are able to withstand sustained processing temperatures above 400° C. without corrosion or other degradation of the internal components of the process chamber. The internal components of a process chamber can be formed from aluminum, stainless steel, nickel-based superalloys, or other materials that can be degraded by high temperatures, high pressure, and/or by etchant gases in the process chamber. The degradation of internal components can lead to metallic particulate matter from one or more internal components contaminating one or more substrates positioned in the process chamber. This contamination negatively impacts both the instant processing in the process chamber as well as downstream operations. Furthermore, the degradation of internal process chamber components reduces the life of the internal components, which increases maintenance and downtime costs.

The protective films discussed herein protect the internal components of process chambers from corrosion and erosion, reducing the incidents of contamination of the process chamber and the substrates fabricated therein. The protective films are used to protect process chambers, including high pressure process chambers that operate under a pressure of 1 bar or more, from corrosion. The protective films are formed in-situ inside of an inner chamber body of a process chamber using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD). The protective films are formed on some or all exposed surfaces of the inner chamber body, including the inner chamber body walls, showerhead, and on at least a portion of a substrate support pedestal. In one example, the showerhead of the process chamber is employed to distribute one or more precursors from which the protective film is formed. In some embodiments, a protective cover is placed on some or all of a top surface of the substrate support pedestal in the process chamber. The protective cover can be positioned on the substrate support pedestal such that an area on the pedestal that is equal to or greater than a diameter of a substrate is not coated by the protective film during deposition. The protective cover can be used to protect the backside of the substrate from contamination from the protective film, which can negatively impact downstream operations. In one example, when a substrate is positioned in the process chamber on the substrate support pedestal after the protective film has been deposited, the substrate is not in contact with the protective film. In alternate embodiments, no protective cover is used. In this example, the entire surface of the substrate support pedestal, including where one or more substrates are positioned for processing, is covered with the protective film.

The protective film may be formed in-situ and removed in-situ after one or more substrates or batches of substrates are processed in the process chamber. In contrast, ex-situ coating of process chambers can have challenges such as downtime from re-coating. The substrate processing in the process chamber that includes the protective film, or in other chambers, subsequent to the formation of the protective film, may include the deposition of one or more layers. The formation of a plurality of features of varying aspect ratios, and/or may in some embodiments include processing substrates with hardmasking, including patterning the hardmask. In an embodiment, the removal of the protective film may be performed using one or more gases, including fluorine (F) gas or nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃) gas. The F or NF₃ gas can be ionized into a plasma in a remote plasma source (RPS) or in-situ in the process chamber. In one example, an RPS is used to form a NF₃ plasma. Subsequent to protective film removal, a new protective film of the same or of a different composition than the previously applied protective film may be applied to the inner chamber body. The protective film is formed from materials including amorphous silicon (a-Si), carbosilane, polysilicon, silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (SiN), silicon dioxide (SiO₂), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), aluminum oxynitride (AlON), hafnium oxide (HfO₂), nickel aluminide (Ni₃Al), or combinations thereof. The use of the protective films discussed herein thus increases the life of the internal components of the process chamber and reduces scrap caused by corrosion of those components.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example process chamber 100 according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. The process chamber 100 has a protective film 120 formed according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. The process chamber 100 includes an outer chamber body 102 formed around an inner chamber body 104. In an embodiment, the outer chamber body 102 includes aluminum and the inner chamber body 104 includes stainless steel. In alternate embodiments, the outer chamber body 102 includes aluminum and the inner chamber body 104 includes quartz, aluminum, or a nickel-based superalloy such as Hastealloy®. The inner chamber body 104 may be defined by chamber walls 122, a chamber bottom 124, and a chamber top 108A formed by a bottom surface of a chamber lid 108. In an embodiment, a vacuum is formed in a space 132 in between the outer chamber body 102 and the inner chamber body 104. In an embodiment, the chamber walls 122, the chamber bottom 124, the chamber top 108A, and additional components discussed herein may be formed from one or more materials such as stainless steel, quartz, nickel-based superalloy, or aluminum. The inner chamber body 104 is exposed to high temperatures, pressures, and, in some examples, etchant gases, which can corrode and degrade the inner chamber body 104 components. In one example, the process chamber 100 is coupled to a remote plasma source (RPS) 112, a gas panel 118, a condenser 114, and a steam generator 116.

In an embodiment during operation of the process chamber 100, the process chamber 100 can be pressurized and have the temperature controlled in various manners. In one example, the pressure within a processing space 134 is controlled using a throttle valve 136 situated between inner chamber body 104 and a vacuum pump 138. The temperature at the surface of the chamber walls 122 is controlled using one or more heating elements 128A. The one or more heating elements 128A can be solid or liquid-containing elements that are located in the chamber walls 122 and/or the chamber lid 108 of the inner chamber body 104. In some examples, one or more heating elements 128A are disposed in a substrate support pedestal 106. In one example, the chamber lid 108 can be heated from 100° C. to 300° C. The plurality of heating elements 128A may be disposed in the chamber walls 122 of the inner chamber body 104 and electrically coupled to a power source 128. In the example in FIG. 1 the heating elements 128A are shown as two pairs of heating elements 128A disposed in or coupled to the chamber walls 122, one pair of heating elements 128A disposed in or coupled to the substrate support pedestal 106, and one pair of heating elements 128A disposed in or coupled to the chamber lid 108. In alternate embodiments, more or less heating elements 128A than illustrated in FIG. 1 may be employed in various configurations in the chamber walls 122, the chamber lid 108, and, in some embodiments, inside of or coupled to the substrate support pedestal 106. In one example of etching in the process chamber 100, chemically reactive ions are released from a plasma that can be introduced via the RPS 112 or formed in the process chamber 100 via other means as discussed below. The chemically reactive ions, once released from the plasma, strike a substrate 146 positioned on the substrate support pedestal 106. When the chemically reactive ions strike the substrate, exposed material from a surface of the substrate 146 is removed.

In another example of the process chamber 100, plasma can be generated using a RF source power 140 and an RF bias power 142. Each of the RF source power 140 and the RF bias power 142 is coupled to the process chamber 100 and configured to apply power, and in some examples pulses of power, to the chamber walls 122 and/or the substrate support pedestal 106. A negative bias can also be applied to the substrate support pedestal 106 in some examples. In one example, the gaseous mixture formed inside the processing space 134 from gas sources (not shown) coupled to the gas panel 118 is ignited into plasma by applying RF power from the RF source power 140 to a plurality of antenna segments (not pictured).

Further in the process chamber 100, a showerhead 110 is removably coupled to the process chamber 100 near the chamber top 108A. The showerhead 110 is used to distribute a plurality of gases, for example, gases supplied through the gas panel 118, in the inner chamber body 104. The showerhead 110 can be used to distribute gas and gas mixtures during substrate processing operations, and during the deposition and removal of the protective film discussed herein, or in other cleaning operations performed inside of the process chamber 100. The showerhead 110 may include a plurality of islands 126 and a plurality of spaces 144 formed between each adjacent pair of islands 126. The islands 126 are connected (not shown here) such that gas flows through the showerhead 110 and into the processing space 134, in particular, the gas flows through the showerhead 110 in between the spaces 144 and into the processing space 134. Thus, when a protective film 120 is formed as discussed herein, since the showerhead 110 is used to form the protective film 120, the protective film is formed on surfaces of the showerhead 110 that are exposed to the gaseous components used to form the protective film 120. The protective film 120 is also formed on the exposed surfaces of the inner chamber body 104, including the chamber walls 122. In some examples, which can be combined with other examples herein, one or more of the lid 108A, the substrate support pedestal 106, and the chamber bottom 124, as well as any other exposed surfaces can also have the protective film 120 formed thereon.

In an embodiment, controller 130 is coupled to the process chamber 100 and configured to execute a plurality of instructions. In one example, the plurality of instructions executed by the controller 130 is associated with substrate processing. The substrate processing can include operations such as layer deposition and patterning, as well as chamber cleaning. In another example, the plurality of instructions executed by the controller 130 is associated with forming the protective film 120 on one or more of the chamber walls 122, bottom, 124, top 108A, substrate support pedestal 106, or other exposed surfaces of the inner chamber body 104. In an embodiment, a protective cover (not shown) may be positioned on the substrate support pedestal 106 that covers some or all of a diameter 106A of the substrate support pedestal 106. Thus, optionally, a portion of the substrate support pedestal 106, shown as an uncoated region 106B in this example, is not coated with the protective film 120 and remains exposed. The protective film 120 may be formed on the showerhead 110 as well, and may be formed to an average thickness from 80 nm to 250 nm or from 90 nm to 120 nm. In some examples, an average thickness of the protective film 120 is about 100 nm. In alternate examples, which can be combined with other examples herein, no protective cover is used and the area indicated by the diameter 106A is coated with the protective film 120.

During operation of the process chamber 100, subsequent to forming the protective film 120, the substrate 146 is placed on the substrate support pedestal 106 in the uncoated region 106B of the substrate support pedestal 106. Gaseous components are supplied from a gas panel 118 to the process chamber 100 through the plurality of islands 126 of the showerhead 110, which act as entry ports for the gas. The one or more gaseous components are supplied simultaneously from the gas panel 118, or in an alternating and/or iterative fashion, to form a gaseous mixture in the processing space 134. The protective film 120 can be removed by forming a F or NF₃ plasma in the process chamber 100 (or introducing the plasma via the RPS 112) via the showerhead 110 to remove the protective film 120. The removal of the protective film 120 can occur after one or more cycles in the process chamber, for example, after one or more films (not shown here) are formed on the substrate 146, or after a plurality of films are formed, or a plurality of films are patterned, or combinations thereof.

In an embodiment, during substrate 146 processing, the temperature of the substrate 146 positioned in the process chamber 100 is controlled by stabilizing the temperature of the substrate support pedestal 106. Helium or another gas from the gas panel 118 is flowed into a plenum (not shown) defined between the substrate 146 and a support surface 106C of the substrate support pedestal 106. The substrate 146 is seated in the uncoated region 106B. The helium gas is used to facilitate heat transfer between the substrate 146 and the substrate support pedestal 106. During a process in the process chamber 100, which can include an etch process, the substrate 146 is gradually heated by the plasma to a steady state temperature between 200° C. and 600° C. Using thermal control of both the top of the chamber 108A and the substrate support pedestal 106, and in some cases, of the chamber walls 122, the substrate 146 is maintained at a predetermined temperature during processing. When the process chamber 100 is used at high temperatures and/or under high pressures, the inner chamber body 104 is exposed to a harsh environment. The presence of etchant gases in the process chamber 100 can further contribute to the harsh environment experienced by the inner chamber body 104. The protective film 120 thus protects the inner chamber body 104, preventing degradation of one or more of the chamber top 108A, the chamber bottom 124, the chamber walls 122, the showerhead 110, or the substrate support pedestal 106.

FIG. 2 is a method 200 of in-situ formation of a protective film such as protective film 120 in a process chamber that may be similar to the process chamber 100 in FIG. 1. In the method 200, at operation 202, a process chamber is prepared for in-situ protective film formation. The preparation of the process chamber at operation 202 may include heating the process chamber to a temperature from about 300° C. to about 600° C. and establishing a vacuum in between an outer chamber body and an inner chamber body using, for example, N₂. The preparation at operation 202 may further include establishing a pressure in the inner chamber body from about 1 Torr to about 600 Torr. The preparation at operation 202 can be performed while a vacuum is maintained in between the inner chamber body and the outer chamber body.

At operation 204, subsequent to preparing the process chamber at operation 202, a protective film is formed on a plurality of interior components of the process chamber, which may alternatively be referred to as exposed surfaces. The protective film is formed at operation 204 using precursors as discussed below to a target thickness, which can be from 80 nm to 250 nm. The interior components include at least one of a substrate support pedestal, inner chamber body wall, top, bottom, and on the showerhead features, as discussed in FIG. 1. In one example, the protective film formed at operation 204 is formed using chemical vapor deposition (CVD),In another example, the protective film formed at operation 204 is formed using atomic layer deposition (ALD). In an embodiment, regardless of whether CVD or ALD is used at operation 204, the process chamber is under a pressure from 2 Torr to 30 Torr. In another example, which can be combined with other examples herein, a temperature of the process chamber is from 250° C. to 750° C. at operation 204. In still another example, which can be combined with other examples herein, at operation 204 one or more gases such as Si₂H₆ SiH₄, N₂, N₂O, NH₃, Ar, or H₂ are present in the process chamber. In an example where ALD is used at operation 204, the ALD precursors tetrakis(ethylmethylamide)hafnium(IV) (TEMAH) and aluminum trimethanide (TMA) are used in the ALD chamber along with one or more precursors to form the protective film having a composition of Al₂O₃, AlON, HfO₂, or Ni₃Al. In another embodiment, the ALD at operation 204 forms the protective film to a composition that includes one or more of of amorphous Si, carbosilane, polysilicon, SiC, SiN, or SiO₂.

The protective film formed at operation 204 may be formed to an average thickness from 80 nm to 250 nm. Operations 202 and 204 are executed without a substrate positioned in the process chamber. At operation 206, a substrate or batch of substrates (2 or more) are positioned in the process chamber and subsequently processed at operation 208. The substrate(s) positioned in the process chamber can be positioned on the substrate support pedestal. In an embodiment, processing the substrate(s) at operation 208 includes forming a plurality of features in the substrate(s). During the processing at operation 208, a temperature of the process chamber may be from about 200° C. to about 600° C. or higher, and a pressure of the process chamber may be from 1 bar to about 250 bar.

Subsequent to the processing at operation 208, the substrates are removed from the process chamber at operation 210. In an embodiment, subsequent to the removal of the substrate at operation 210, the protective film formed at operation 204 is removed at operation 212. The removal of the film at operation 212 may be performed using a fluorine-containing plasma or other suitable cleaning agents. The showerhead of the process chamber can be used to distribute these components. During the removal of the film at operation 210, the process chamber can be purged with an inert gas after the cleaning agent(s) are used. The protective film guards the interior of the process chamber from corrosion, which can not only degrade the integrity of the process chamber's components from a performance standpoint during processing operations such as those of operation 208. However, protective films can also pose a contamination risk during substrate processing, for example, if portions of the films flake or otherwise fall off on to the substrate. The film formed at operation 204 can thus be formed and removed after each substrate or batch of substrates processed at operation 208. Using the systems and methods discussed herein, protective films of differing compositions and thicknesses can be formed on the same chamber components. In an embodiment, more than one substrate or batch of substrates may be processed and removed at operations 208-210 before the film is removed at operation 212.

In-situ coating, where a device or apparatus such as the process chambers discussed herein is coated from inside of the process chamber, is used herein to provide a protective coating of uniform thickness. In some examples, the protective coatings discussed herein can be formed on interior components of process chambers used for high-pressure applications of 1 bar or higher. This is in contrast to ex-situ coating, which, for corrosive, high pressure applications, can flake or otherwise detach from the coated component. This degradation of the protective coating can lead to frequent re-coating operations.

While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present disclosure, other and further embodiments of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.

Claims

1. A method of processing a substrate, comprising: introducing at least one gas to a process chamber;removing, in response to the introducing of the at least one gas in the process chamber, a first protective film from a plurality of interior components of the process chamber;forming, via ALD or CVD, in the process chamber, a second protective film on the plurality of interior components comprising a chamber sidewall, a chamber bottom, a substrate support pedestal, a showerhead, and a chamber top; andpositioning, subsequent to forming the second protective film, a substrate on the substrate support pedestal, wherein the substrate is in contact with a portion of the substrate support pedestal that does not comprise the second protective film.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to the forming of the second protective film, heating the process chamber to a pre-heating temperature from about 300° C. to about 600° C., wherein the forming of the second protective film occurs while the chamber is at the pre-heating temperature.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to the forming of the second protective film, pressurizing the chamber to a pressure from about 1 Torr to about 600 Torr.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to positioning the substrate on the substrate support pedestal, setting a processing temperature of the chamber from about 200° C. to about 600° C.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: subsequent to positioning the substrate, performing at least one operation in the process chamber;subsequently, removing the substrate from the process chamber; andcleaning the chamber, wherein cleaning the chamber removes the second protective film from the plurality of interior components of the chamber.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising removing the second protective film from the plurality of interior components of the process chamber using a fluorine-containing plasma.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the second protective film comprises amorphous Si, carbosilane, polysilicon, SiC, SiN, SiO2, Al2O3, AION, HfO2, or Ni3Al.

8. A method of protecting a process chamber, comprising: introducing at least one gas to a process chamber;removing, in response to the introducing of the at least one gas in the process chamber, a first protective film from a plurality of interior components of the process chamber;forming, via ALD or CVD, in the process chamber, a second protective film on the plurality of interior components, wherein the second protective film comprises amorphous Si, carbosilane, polysilicon, SiC, SiN, SiO2, Al2O3, AION, HfO2, or Ni3Al; andpositioning, subsequent to forming the second protective film, a substrate on a substrate support pedestal.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising forming the second protective film to a thickness from 80 nm to 250 nm.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the first protective film comprises a first material and the second protective film comprises a second material, wherein the first material is different than the second material.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the first protective film comprises a first material and the second protective film comprises a second material, wherein the first material is the same as the second material.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of interior components of the process chamber comprise stainless steel.

13. The method of claim 8, further comprising, prior to forming the second protective film, positioning a cover on at least a portion of the substrate support pedestal such that the second protective film is not formed on the substrate support pedestal.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one gas comprises fluorine.

15. The method of claim 8, further comprising, prior to forming the second protective film, heating the process chamber to a pre-heating temperature from about 300° C. to about 600° C., wherein forming the second protective film occurs while the chamber is at the pre-heating temperature.

16. A method of processing a substrate, comprising: introducing at least one gas to a process chamber;removing, in response to the introducing of the at least one gas in the process chamber, a first protective film from a plurality of interior components of the process chamber;forming, via ALD or CVD, in the process chamber, a second protective film on the plurality of interior components comprising a chamber sidewall, a chamber bottom, a substrate support pedestal, a showerhead, and a chamber top, wherein the second protective film comprises amorphous Si, carbosilane, polysilicon, SiC, SiN, SiO2, Al2O3, AION, HfO2, or Ni3Al; andpositioning, subsequent to forming the second protective film, a substrate on the substrate support pedestal, wherein the second protective film is not formed on a portion of the substrate support pedestal and the substrate is in contact with the portion of the substrate support pedestal that does not comprise the second protective film.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising, prior to forming the second protective film, heating the process chamber to a pre-heating temperature from about 300° C. to about 600° C., wherein forming the second protective film occurs while the chamber is at the pre-heating temperature.

18. The method of claim 16, further comprising, prior to forming the second protective film, pressurizing the chamber from about 1 Torr to about 600 Torr.

19. The method of claim 16, further comprising, prior to positioning the substrate on the substrate support pedestal, setting a processing temperature of the chamber from about 200° C. to about 600° C.

20. The method of claim 16, further comprising, prior to positioning the substrate on the substrate support pedestal, a pressure of the chamber may be from 1 bar to about 250 bar.