Patent Grant
10725379
This is a National Phase Application in the United States of International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2013/007345 filed Dec. 13, 2013, which claims priority on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-279340, filed Dec. 21, 2012. The entire disclosures of the above patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to a resin composition that is excellent in storage stability and is capable of forming a cured film having a low stress and improved adhesiveness with a substrate, and to a method for producing a pattern using this resin composition.
With miniaturization in an integrated circuit of a semiconductor, an interlayer insulating film called a “low-k layer” for lowering a dielectric constant has been required. However, since the low-k layer has a void structure, a problem arises that mechanical strength is lowered. In order to protect an interlayer insulating film having such a weak mechanical strength, a cured film formed of a polyimide resin is used. This cured film is required to have properties such as capability of being thick and having a high modulus elasticity. However, due to an increase in thickness and an increase in modulus elasticity, the stress after curing may increase, and problems may arise that transfer or securing of a wafer may not necessarily be conducted smoothly due to significant warpage of a semiconductor wafer. Under such circumstances, development of a cured film having a low stress has been desired.
In order to allow a cured film to have a low stress while keeping high thermal resistance and excellent mechanical properties of a polyimide resin, it has been reported that it is effective to decrease the coefficient of thermal expansion by allowing the polyimide skeleton to be rigid and linear.
Further, if a resin film is formed to have a large thickness in view of protection of a low-k layer, there is a problem that the transmittance of i-line that is used for forming a pattern in a resin film is lowered, and as a result, formation of a pattern becomes impossible. On the other hand, in order to increase i-line transmittance of a coating film, a method has been proposed to use a polyimide precursor containing fluorine.
However, there is a disadvantage that a cured film obtained by curing by heating a polyimide precursor containing fluorine has low adhesiveness to silicon wafer used as a substrate (Patent Documents 1 and 2, for example).
Further, in order to attain excellent adhesiveness with silicon wafer, use of 3-isocianatopropyltriethoxysilane as a resin composition has been reported (Patent Document 3, for example). However, there is a problem that the storage stability of the resin composition is lowered due to the presence of an isocyanate group having a high reactivity.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 2826940
Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent No. 4144110
Patent Document 3: JP-A-H11-338157
In order to solve such problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a resin composition that has excellent storage stability and is capable of forming a cured film that has a low stress and has excellent adhesiveness with a substrate, and as well as to provide a method for producing a cured film using this resin composition.
The present invention relates to the following:
<1> A resin composition comprising the following components (a) and (b)
(a) a polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1):
(b) a compound represented by the following general formula (2):
wherein R1 is a tetravalent organic group, R2 is a divalent organic group, R3 and R4 are independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or a monovalent organic group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond.
wherein R5 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R6 is independently a hydroxyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a is an integer of 0 to 3, n is an integer of 1 to 6, and R7 is a group represented by the following general formula (3) or a group represented by the following general formula (4):
wherein R8 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a monovalent organic group derived from hydroxyalkylsilane, R9 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a monovalent organic group derived from aminoalkylsilane or a heterocyclic group, and R8 and R9 each may have a substituent.
<2> The resin composition in which the component (b) is at least one or more of compounds represented by the following general formulas:
<3> The resin composition in which R2 in the general formula (1) showing a polyimide precursor (a) is a divalent organic group represented by the following general formula (5):
wherein R10 to R17 are independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group, and at least one of R10 to R17 is a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group.
<4> The resin composition in which R2 in the general formula (1) showing a polyimide precursor (a) is a divalent organic group represented by the following general formula (6):
wherein R18 and R19 are independently a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group.
<5> The resin composition that further comprises a compound (c) that generates a radical upon irradiation with active rays
<6> The resin composition in which the compound (c) that generates a radical upon irradiation with active rays is an oxime ester compound
<7> A cured film formed from the resin composition
<8> A method for producing a cured film comprising: a step of applying the resin composition to a substrate, followed by drying, thereby to form a coating film; and a step of subjecting the coating film to a heat treatment
<9> A patterned cured film formed from the resin composition
<10> A method for producing a patterned cured film comprising: a step of applying the resin composition to a substrate, followed by drying, thereby to form a coating film; a step of irradiating the coating film with active rays, followed by development to obtain a patterned resin film; and a step of subjecting the patterned resin film to a heat treatment
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a resin composition that has excellent storage stability and is capable of forming a cured film that has a low stress and has excellent adhesiveness with a substrate, and as well as to provide a method for producing a cured film using this resin composition.
Hereinbelow, a detailed explanation will be made on the embodiments of the resin composition, the patterned cured film obtained by using the resin composition, the method for producing the patterned cured film and the electronic components of the present invention. The present invention is not restricted to the embodiments.
<Resin Composition>
The resin composition of the present invention comprises the following components (a) and (b):
(a) a polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1)
(b) a compound represented by the following general formula (2)
wherein R1 is a tetravalent organic group, R2 is a divalent organic group and R3 and R4 are independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or a monovalent organic group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond.
wherein R5 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R6 is independently a hydroxyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a is an integer of 0 to 3, n is an integer of 1 to 6 and R7 is a group represented by the following general formula (3) or a group represented by the following general formula (4):
R8 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a monovalent organic group derived from hydroxyalkylsilane, R9 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a monovalent organic group derived from aminoalkylsilane or a heterocyclic group, and R8 and R9 each may have a substituent.
The component (B) is an adhesion aid. In the present invention, due to the above-mentioned configuration, a state is attained where a highly reactive isocyanate group is protected. Accordingly, as compared with a case where a conventional adhesion aid is used, a resin composition having excellent storage stability can be obtained. Further, the resulting cured film has a low stress and excellent adhesiveness with a substrate. Hereinbelow, a detailed explanation will be made on each component.
Component (a): Polyimide Precursor Having a Structural Unit Represented by the General Formula (1)
The resin composition of the present invention comprises (a) a polyimide precursor comprising a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1):
wherein R1 is a tetravalent organic group, R2 is a divalent organic group, R3 and R4 are independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or a monovalent organic group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond.
The residual stress of the cured film obtained by applying the polyimide precursor represented by the general formula (1) to a substrate, followed by curing by heating is preferably 30 MPa or less when the film thickness of the cured film is 10 μm, more preferably 27 MPa or less, and further preferably 25 MPa or less. If the residual stress is 30 MPa or less, when a film is formed to have a thickness of 10 μm after curing, wafer warpage can be suppressed more sufficiently, whereby problems that occur during transfer or securing by sucking of a wafer can be suppressed more sufficiently.
The residual stress can be measured by a method in which the warpage of a wafer is measured by means of a thin film stress measurement apparatus (FLX-2320, manufactured by KLA Tencor Japan), and the amount of the warpage is converted to a stress.
In order to allow the cured film obtained in the present invention to have a thickness of 10 μm after curing, after the step of forming a coating film by applying the resin composition to a substrate and drying, the coating film is required to be formed in a thickness of about 20 μm. Therefore, when a photosensitive resin composition is formed by combining with a compound that generates a radical upon irradiation with active rays, it is important to have a high i-line transmittance.
Specifically, in a film thickness of 20 μm, the i-line transmittance is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 8% or more, and further preferably 15% or more, with 30% or more being particularly preferable. If the i-line transmittance is lower than 5%, the i-line does not reach deep inside the film, and radicals are not generated sufficiently, whereby photosensitive properties may be deteriorated; e.g. oozing out of the resin from the substrate of the film at the time of development may occur.
The i-line transmittance can be measured by measuring the transmitted UV spectrum by means of a U-3310 spectrophotometer (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).
R1 in the general formula (1) is a structure derived from tetracarboxylic dianhydride used as a raw material. In respect of stress of a cured film, R1 is preferably pyromellitic dianhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride. These can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
Further, within a range that does not lower the stress and the i-line transmittance of a cured film, it may be used in combination with 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,5,6-pyridinetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, m-terphenyl-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, p-terphenyl-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2,2-bis(2,3-dicarboxyphenyl)propane dianhydride, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)propane dianhydride, 2,2-bis(2,3-dicarboxyphenyl)propane dianhydride, 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)propane dianhydride, 2,2-bis{4′-(2,3-dicarboxyphenoxyl)phenyl}propane dianhydride, 2,2-bis{4′-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxyl)phenyl}propane dianhydride, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2,2′-bis{4′-(2,3-dicarboxyphenoxyl)phenyl}propane dianhydride, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2,2′-bis{4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxyl)phenyl}propane dianhydride, 4,4′-oxydiphthalic dianhydride, 4,4′-sulfonyldiphthalic dianhydride, or the like.
R2 in the general formula (1) is a structure derived from diamine used as a raw material. In respect of i-line transmittance, it is preferred that R2 in the general formula (1) be a divalent organic group represented by the following general formula (5) or (6).
wherein R19 to R17 are independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group, and at least one of R19 to R17 is a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group, and R18 and R19 are independently a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group.
In particular, in respect of i-line transmittance and easiness in availability, it is more preferred that R2 in the general formula (1) be a divalent organic group represented by the general formula (6).
In the component (a), in R2 in the general formula (1), the structural unit represented by the general formula (6) is preferably 1 to 100 mol %, more preferably 10 to 90 mol %, and further preferably 30 to 90 mol %.
As the organic group that provides the structure represented by the general formula (5) or (6), in respect of low stress, good i-line transmittance, heat resistance or the like, 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2′-bis(fluoro)-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl and 4,4′-diaminooctafluorobiphenyl can be given. These can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
Further, within a range that does not deteriorate the low stress, and does not lower the good i-line transmittance, heat resistance or the like, it is possible to use a diamine compound that provides a structure other than those represented by the general formulas (5) and (6). For example, p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, p-xylylenediamine, m-xylylenediamine, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, benzidine, 4,4′-(or 3,4′-,3,3′-,2,4′-,2,2′-)diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-(or 3,4′-,3,3′-,2,4′-,2,2′-)diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4′-(or 3,4′-,3,3′-,2,4′-,2,2′-)diaminodiphenyl sulfide, o-tolidine, o-tolidine sulfone, 4,4′-methylene-bis-(2,6-diethylaniline), 4,4′-methylene-bis-(2,6-diisopropylaniline), 2,4-diaminomesitylene, 1,5-aminonaphthalene, 4,4′-benzophenonediamine, bis-{4-(4′-aminophenoxy)phenyl}sulfone, 2,2-bis{4-(4′-aminophenoxyl)phenyl}propane, 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, bis{4-(3′-aminophenoxyl)phenyl}sulfone, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)propane and diaminopolysiloxane can be given. These are used singly or in combination of two or more.
As R3 and R4 in the general formula (1), a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group including 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an acryloxyalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a methacryloxyalkyl group of which the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is 1 to 10 can independently be given.
In order to allow it to be a photosensitive resin composition, it is preferred that a compound in which at least one of R3 and R4 has a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond such as an acryloxyalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a methacryloxyalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms be combined with a compound that generates a radical upon irradiation with active rays, whereby cross-linkage between molecular chains by radical polymerization become possible.
The component (a) of the present invention can be synthesized by subjecting tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a diamine to addition polymerization. Further, it can also be synthesized by allowing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (10) to be a diester derivative, converting the derivative to an acid chloride represented by the formula (11), and then reacting with a diamine represented by the formula (12):
wherein R1 to R4 are as defined in the formula (1).
The tetracarboxylic mono(di)ester dichloride represented by the general formula (11) can be obtained by reacting a tetracarboxylic mono(di)ester that is obtained by reacting a tetracraboxylic dianhydride represented by the general formula (10) and a compound represented by the general formula (13) with a chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride or dichlorooxalic acid.
R22—OH (13)
wherein R22 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a monovalent organic group including a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond.
As for the chlorinating agent, normally 2 molar equivalents of a chlorinating agent per mole of tetracarboxylic mono(di)ester are reacted in the presence of a basic compound in an amount twice as large as that of the chlorinating agent. In order to control the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor synthesized, the equivalence may be appropriately adjusted. As for the equivalence of the chlorinating agent, 1.5 to 2.5 molar equivalents are preferable, 1.6 to 2.4 molar equivalents are more preferable, with 1.7 to 2.3 molar equivalents being further preferable. If the equivalence is smaller than 1.5 molar equivalents, the low stress after curing may not be exhibited sufficiently due to a small molecular weight of a polyimide precursor. If the equivalence is larger than 2.5 molar equivalents, a large amount of hydrochloride of the basic compound may remain in the polyimide precursor, and as a result, the electric insulating properties of the polyimide after curing may be lowered. As the basic compound, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine or the like can be used. It is preferred that it be used in an amount of 1.5 to 2.5 times as that of the chlorinating agent. The amount of the chlorinating agent is more preferably 1.7 to 2.4 times, further preferably 1.8 to 2.3 times. If the amount is less than 1.5 times, the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor may be decreased, and the stress after curing may not be lowered sufficiently. If the amount is larger than 2.5 times, the polyimide precursor may be colored.
The tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the compound represented by the general formula (13) can be synthesized by reacting in the presence of a basic catalyst. As examples of the basic catalyst, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undeca-7-ene, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-5-ene or the like can be given.
Among the compounds represented by the formula (13), as alcohols, an alcohol in which R22 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms can be given.
As the monovalent organic group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond shown by R22, an acryloxyalkyl group of which the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is 1 to 10 and a methacryloxyalkyl group of which the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is 1 to 10 can be given.
Specifically, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol, hexanol, cyclohexanol, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate or the like can be given. These may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
As for the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor of the present invention, the weight-average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene is preferably 10,000 to 100,000, more preferably 15,000 to 100,000, and further preferably 20,000 to 85,000. If the weight-average molecular weight is 10,000 or more, the stress after curing may tend to be lowered sufficiently. In respect of solubility in a solvent and handling properties of a solution, the weight-average molecular weight is preferably 100,000 or less. The weight-average molecular weight can be measured by the gel permeation chromatography and can be obtained by converting by using a standard polystyrene calibration curve.
When the polyimide precursor of the present invention is synthesized, the molar ratio of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine is normally 1.0. In order to suppress the molecular weight or the terminal residue, it may be conducted at a molar ratio of 0.7 to 1.3. If the molar ratio is 0.7 or less or 1.3 or more, the molecular weight of the resulting polyimide precursor is decreased, and the low stress after curing may not be sufficiently exhibited.
It is preferred that the addition polymerization and the condensation reaction and synthesis of a diester derivative and an acid chloride be conducted in an organic solvent. As the organic solvent used, a polar solvent that perfectly dissolves the polyimide precursor is preferable. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetoamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, γ-butyrolactone or the like can be given.
In addition to the above-mentioned polar solvent, ketones, esters, lactones, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons or the like can be used.
Specific examples thereof include acetone, diethyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, diethyl oxalate, diethyl malonate, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofurane, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,4-dichlorobutane, trichloroethane, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, hexane, heptane, octane, benzene, toluene, xylene or the like can be given. These organic solvents may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
As for the heating temperature for converting the polyimide precursor as the component (a) of the present invention into a polyimide by promoting imidization by heating, 80 to 450° C. is preferable. Heating temperature is more preferably 100 to 450° C., with 200 to 400° C. being further preferable. If the heating temperature is 80° C. or less, imidization may not proceed sufficiently, resulting in lowered heat resistance. If the heating temperature is 450° C. or higher, polyimide obtained by curing may be deteriorated.
Component (b): Compound Represented by General Formula (2)
In respect of improving adhesiveness of the resulting cured film with a substrate, the resin composition of the present invention comprises, as component (b), a compound represented by the following general formula (2).
wherein R5 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R6 is independently a hydroxyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a is an integer of 0 to 3, n is an integer of 1 to 6, and R7 is any of a group represented by the following general formula (3) or a group represented by the following general formula (4):
wherein R8 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an organic group derived from hydroxyalkylsilane, R9 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an organic group derived from aminoalkylsilane or a heterocyclic group, and R8 and R9 may independently have a substituent.
Due to the presence of the compound represented by the general formula (2) as the component (b), the resin composition of the present invention can exhibit good adhesiveness to a substrate when forming into a cured film. The reason therefor is assumed to be as follows. During the heat-curing step of the resin film, a protective group of an isocyanate of the compound represented by the general formula (2) is removed, and a highly reactive isocyanate group is regenerated and then reacted with carboxylic acid or an amine at the terminal of a polymer (polyimide precursor), thereby to form a chemical bond.
Due to the presence of the compound represented by the general formula (2) as the component (b), the resin composition of the present invention can exhibit good storage stability. The reason therefor is supposed to be as follows. The protected isocyanate of the compound represented by the general formula (2) is in a state having poor reactivity in which no protective group is removed prior to the heat curing step.
The compound represented by the formula (2) is a compound obtained by mixing a compound represented by the formula (14) and a compound having a hydroxyl group or an amino group, followed by addition reaction.
wherein R29 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R39 is independently a hydroxyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; b is an integer of 0 to 3, and R28 is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
As the compound represented by the formula (14), 1-isocyanatomethyltrimethylsilane, 1-isocyanatomethyltriethylsilane, 1-isocyanatomethyltripropylsilane, 1-isocyanatomethyltributylsilane, 1-isocyanatomethyltrimethoxysilane, 1-isocyanatomethyldimethoxymethylsilane, 1-isocyanatomethylmethoxydimethylsilane, 1-isocyanatomethyltriethoxysilane, 1-isocyanatomethyltripropoxysilane, 1-isocyanatomethyltributoxysilane, 1-isocyanatomethyldiethoxyethylsilane, 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethylsilane, 3-isocyanatopropyltriethylsilane, 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-isocyanatopropylmethoxydimethylsilane, 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatopropyldiethoxyethylsilane, 3-isocyanatopropylethoxydiethylsilane, 6-isocyanatohexyltrimethoxysilane, 6-isocyanatohexyldimethoxymethylsilane, 6-isocyanatohexylmethoxydimethylsilane, 6-isocyanatohexyltriethoxysilane, 6-isocyanatohexyldiethoxyethylsilane, 6-isocyanatohexylethoxydiethylsilane or the like can be given. In respect of easiness in availability, 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane are preferable.
In the compound represented by the formula (2), a compound in which R7 is represented by the formula (3) is a compound obtained by reacting a compound represented by the formula (14) with a compound having a hydroxyl group and a compound having hydroxyalkylsilane. This reaction formula is shown as the following formula (15):
wherein in the formula, R is a group in the formula (14) and R′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
If a compound in which R′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is reacted with the compound represented by the formula (14), a compound represented by the formula (3) in which R8 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is obtained. As the compound having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having a hydroxyl group, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonal, decanol, 2-methyl-1-hexanol, 3-methyl-1-hexanol, 4-methyl-1-hexanol, 5-methyl-1-hexanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 3-ethyl-1-hexanol, 4-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, cyclohexanol or the like can be given.
When a hydroxyalkylsilane compound is reacted with the compound represented by the formula (14), a compound in which R8 in the formula (3) has an organic group derived from hydroxyalkylsilane is obtained. As the hydroxyalkylsilane compound, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethylenediamine, N-(hydroxymethyl)-N-methylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 7-triethoxysilylpropoxy-5-hydroxyflavone, N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4-hydroxybutylamide, 2-hydroxy-4-(3-methyldiethoxysilylpropoxy)diphenylketone, 1,3-bis(4-hydroxybutyl)tetramethyldisiloxane, 3-(N-acetyl-4-hydroxypropyloxy)propyltriethoxysilane, hydroxymethyltriethoxysilane or the like can be exemplified. Among them, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is preferable.
In the compound represented by the formula (2), a compound in which R7 is represented by the formula (4) is a compound obtained by reacting the compound represented by the formula (14) with a compound having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having an amino group, an aminoalkylsilane compound or a heterocyclic compound having an amino group. This reaction formula is shown as the following formula (16):
wherein in the formula, R is a group in the formula (14) and R′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
When a compound in which R′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is reacted with the compound represented by the formula (14), a compound in which R9 in the formula (4) is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is obtained. As the compound having an amino group and having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aminomethane, aminoethane, aminopropane, aminobutane, aminopentane, aminohexane, aminoheptane, aminooctane, aminononane, aminodecane, 2-ethylaminohexane or the like can be given.
When the aminoalkylsilane compound is reacted with the compound represented by the formula (14), a compound in which R9 in the formula (4) has an organic group derived from aminoalkylsilane is obtained. As the aminoalkylsilane compound, 4-aminobutyltriethoxysilane, 4-amino-3,3-dimethylbutyltrimethoxysiloxane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-4-aminopropylmethyltriethoxysilane or the like can be given.
When a heterocyclic compound having an amino group is reacted with the compound represented by the formula (14), a compound in which R9 in the formula (4) is a heterocyclic group is obtained. As the heterocyclic compound having an amino group, 5-aminotetrazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 4-aminopyridine, 2-aminopyridine, 3-aminopyridine, 2,6-diaminopyridine, 3,4-diaminopyridine, 2-aminothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole or the like can be given.
The reaction represented by the formula (15) and the reaction represented by the formula (16) may be conducted at room temperature or may be reacted in a temperature range of 50° C. to 100° C. The raw materials may be reacted directly or may be reacted by using a solvent such as dimethylformamide, 1,2-diethoxyethane and N-methylpyrrolidone.
In respect of attaining a higher degree of adhesiveness and more improved storage stability, it is preferred that the component (b) comprise at least one of the following compounds.
The content of the component (b) is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass, and further preferably 1 to 6 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (a). If the content is 0.1 part by mass or more, more sufficient adhesiveness with the substrate can be imparted. If the content is 20 parts by mass or less, a problem of viscosity increase during storage at room temperature can be suppressed more sufficiently.
The resin composition of the present invention may comprise other organic silane compounds than the component (b) in order to further improve adhesiveness with a silicon substrate or the like after curing. As the organic silane compound, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, triethoxysilylpropylethylcarbamate, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl succinic anhydride, phenyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-triethoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethylbutylidene)propylamine, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane or the like can be given. The amount thereof is appropriately adjusted such that intended effects can be obtained.
Component (c): Compound that Generates Radical Upon Irradiation with Active Rays
When at least part of R3 or R4 in the polyimide precursor as the component (a) is a monovalent organic group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond, by dissolving it in a solvent in combination with a compound that generates radical upon irradiation with active rays, it can be a photosensitive resin composition. In the present invention, when a photosensitive resin composition is obtained by containing the component (c), the composition preferably becomes a resin composition having excellent i-line transmittance.
As the component (c), an aromatic ketone such as an oxime ester compound mentioned later, benzophenone, N,N′-tetraalkyl-4,4′-diaminobenzophenone such as N,N′-tetramethyl-4,4′-diaminobenzophenone (Michler's ketone), 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-butanone-1,2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholino-propanone-1 or the like; quinones fused to an aromatic ring such as alkylanthraquinones; a benzoin ether compound such as alkylbenzoin; a benzoin compound such as benzoin and alkylbenzoin; and a benzyl derivative such as benzyl dimethyl ketal can be given.
Among these, due to excellent sensitivity and capability of providing an excellent pattern, an oxime ester compound is preferable.
In respect of capability of obtaining good sensitivity and residual film ratio, the oxime ester compound mentioned above may preferably be any of the compound represented by the following formula (17), the compound represented by the following formula (18) and the compound represented by the following formula (19).
wherein in the formula (17), R31 and R32 are independently an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or a phenyl group. It is preferred that R31 and R32 be an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group. It is more preferred that R31 and R32 be an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group. A methyl group, a cyclopentyl group or a phenyl group is further preferable.
R33 is more preferably H, OH, COOH, O(CH2)OH, O(CH2)2OH, COO(CH2)OH or COO(CH2)2OH. H, O(CH2)OH, O(CH2)2OH, COO(CH2)OH or COO(CH2)2OH, with H, O(CH2)2OH or COO(CH2)2OH being more preferable.
wherein in the formula (18), R34 is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and is preferably a propyl group.
R35 is NO2 or ArCO (wherein Ar is an aryl group). As the Ar, a tolyl group is preferable.
R36 and R37 are independently an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a tolyl group, and preferably a methyl group, a phenyl group or a tolyl group.
wherein in the formula (19), R38 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and is preferably an ethyl group.
R39 is an organic group having an acetal bond and is preferably a substituent corresponding to R8 contained in a compound represented by the following formula (19-1), mentioned later.
R40 and R41 are independently an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a tolyl group, and are preferably a methyl group, a phenyl group or a tolyl group, with a methyl group being more preferable.
As the compound represented by the formula (17), a compound represented by the following formula (17-1) or a compound represented by the following formula (17-2) can be given, for example. Among these, the compound represented by the following formula (17-1) is available as IRGACURE OXE-01 (product name, manufactured by BASF Japan, Ltd.)
As the compound represented by the formula (18), a compound represented by the following formula (18-1) can be given, for example. This compound is available as DFI-091 (product name, manufactured by Daito Chemix Corporation).
As the compound represented by the formula (19), a compound represented by the following formula (19-1) can be given, for example. This compound is available as Adeka Optomer N-1919 (manufactured by Adaka Corporation).
As other oxime ester compounds, it is preferable to use the following compound.
As the component (c), the following compound can also be used.
If the component (c) is contained, the content thereof is preferably 0.01 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, further preferably 0.01 to 15 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (a). If the amount is 0.01 parts by mass or more, crosslinking of the exposed part becomes sufficient, whereby more excellent photosensitive properties can be obtained. If the amount is 30 parts by mass or less, the heat resistance of a cured film tends to be further improved.
Component (d): Solvent
The resin composition of the present invention may contain a solvent as the component (d) according to need. As the component (d), a polar solvent that completely dissolves the polyimide precursor is preferable. As examples thereof, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethyl urea, hexamethyl phosphoric triamide, γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone, γ-valerolactone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene carbonate, ethyl lactate, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone or the like can be given. These can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
The resin composition of the present invention may comprise an addition-polymerizable compound as the component (e), if necessary. As examples of the addition-polymerizable compound, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, styrene, divinylbenzene, 4-vinyltoluene, 4-vinylpyridine, N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 1,3-acryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropane, 1,3-methacryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropane, methylene bisacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide or the like can be given, for example. These may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
The content of the addition-polymerizable compound, if contained, is preferably 1 to 100 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (a), more preferably 1 to 75 parts by mass, and further preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass. If the content is 1 part by mass or more, more excellent photosensitive properties can be imparted. If the content is 100 parts by mass or less, the heat resistance of the cured film can be further improved.
In order to ensure excellent storage stability, the resin composition of the present invention may comprise a radical polymerization inhibitor or a radical polymerization retarder. As examples of the radical polymerization inhibitor or the radical polymerization retarder, p-methoxyphenol, diphenyl-p-benzoquinone, benzoquinone, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, phenothiazine, resorcinol, ortho-dinitrobenzene, para-dinitrobenzene, meta-dinitrobenzene, phenanthraquinone, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, cupferron, 2,5-toluquinone, tannic acid, parabenzyl aminophenol, nitrosamine or the like can be given. These may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
The content of the radical polymerization inhibitor or the radical polymerization retarder, if contained, is preferably 0.01 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, and further preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the polyimide precursor. If the content is 0.01 parts by mass or more, storage stability is improved. If the content is 30 parts by mass or less, heat resistance of the cured film can be further improved.
In the meantime, the resin composition of the present invention may essentially consist of the components (a) and (b) mentioned above, optionally the components (c) to (e) mentioned above, and at least one of the radical polymerization inhibitor and the radical polymerization retarder. The resin composition of the present invention may consist only of these components. The “essentially consist of” means that the above-mentioned composition comprise mainly the components (a) and (b) mentioned above, optionally the components (c) to (e) mentioned above, and at least one of the radical polymerization inhibitor and the radical polymerization retarder, and that the amount thereof is 95 wt % or more or 98 wt % or more of the entire raw material, for example.
<Cured Film and Method for Producing Patterned Cured Film>
The cured film of the present invention is a cured film formed of the resin composition mentioned above.
Further, the patterned cured film of the present invention is a patterned cured film formed from the resin composition mentioned above. The patterned cured film of the present invention is formed when the above-mentioned resin composition comprises the component (c).
The method for producing a patterned cured film of the present invention comprises a step of applying the above-mentioned resin composition to a substrate, followed by drying, thereby to form a coating film, and a step of irradiating the coating film with active rays, followed by development, thereby to obtain a patterned resin film, and a step of subjecting the patterned resin film to a heat treatment.
Hereinbelow, each step of the method for producing a patterned cured film will be explained.
The method for producing a patterned cured film according to the present invention comprises a step of applying the above-mentioned resin composition to a substrate, followed by drying, thereby to form a coating film. As the method for applying the resin composition to the a base material, a dipping method, a spray method, a screen printing method, a spin coating method or the like can be given. As the base material, silicon wafer, metal substrate, ceramic substrate or the like can be given. Since the resin composition of the present invention is capable of forming a low-stress cured film, it can preferably be applied to silicon wafer having a large diameter (e.g. 12 inches or larger).
In the drying step, it is possible to form a coating film having no tackiness by removing the solvent by heating. In the drying step, an apparatus such as DATAPLATE (Digital Hotplate, manufactured by PMC, Co. Ltd.) can be used. The drying temperature is preferably 90 to 130° C., and the drying time is preferably 100 to 400 seconds.
The method for producing a patterned cured film of the present invention comprises a step of irradiating the coating film with active rays, followed by development, thereby to obtain a patterned resin film. As a result, a resin film in which a desired pattern is formed can be obtained.
The resin composition of the invention is preferable for irradiation with i-line. As active rays to be irradiated, ultraviolet rays, far ultraviolet rays, visible rays, electron beams, X-rays or the like can be used.
The developer is not particularly limited. Examples of the developer include a flame-retardant solvent such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane; an alkaline aqueous solution such as a sodium carbonate aqueous solution and a tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution; a good solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, cyclopentanone, γ-butyrolactone, and an acetic acid ester; a mixed solvent that includes the good solvent and a poor solvent such as a lower alcohol, water, or an aromatic hydrocarbon; and the like. After development, the patterned resin film is optionally rinsed with a poor solvent, or the like.
The method for producing a patterned cured film of the present invention comprises a step of subjecting a patterned resin film to a heat treatment.
In this heat treatment, a vertical thermal diffusion furnace manufactured by Koyo Lindberg, Ltd. can be used. It is preferred that the heat treatment be conducted at a temperature of 80 to 400° C. for 5 to 300 minutes. By this step, imidization of the polyimide precursor in the resin composition can proceed, whereby a patterned cured film containing a polyimide resin can be obtained.
The method for producing a cured film of the present invention comprises a step of applying a resin composition to a substrate, followed by drying, thereby to form a coating film and a step of subjecting the coating film to a heat treatment. The step of forming a coating film and the step of subjecting a coating film to a heat treatment may be conducted in the same way as in the above-mentioned method for producing a patterned cured film. The cured film of the present invention may be a cured film in which no pattern is formed.
The cured film or the patterned cured film of the present invention obtained as above can be used as a surface protective layer, an interlayer insulating layer, a re-wiring layer or the like of a semiconductor device.
The cured film or the patterned cured film of the present invention can be used for package applications, i.e. a cover coat material, a redistribution core material, a ball (e.g. solder) collar material, an underfill material, etc., in the above-mentioned embodiment.
Since the cured film or the patterned cured film according to the present invention exhibits excellent adhesion to a metal layer, a sealing material, and the like, exhibits excellent copper migration resistance, and has a high stress relaxation effect, the semiconductor device that includes the cured film or the patterned cured film of the present invention has significantly high reliability.
The electronic part of the present invention is not particularly restricted as long as it has a cover coat, a redistribution core, a ball (e.g. solder) collar material, an underfill used in a flip chip or the like, that use the cured film or the patterned cured film of the present invention, and may take various structures.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail in accordance with the Examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In a 0.5 L-polyethylene bottle, 43.624 g (200 mmol) of pyromellitic dianhydride that had been dried in a dryer of 160° C. for 24 hours, 54.919 g (401 mmol) of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 0.220 g of hydroquinone were dissolved in 394 g of N-methylpyrrolidone. After addition of a catalytic amount of 1,8-diazabicycloundecene, the resultant was stirred at room temperature (25° C.) for 24 hours for esterification, whereby a pyromellitic acid-hydroxyethyl methacrylate diester solution was obtained. This solution is referred to as a PMDA (HEMA) solution.
In a 0.5 L-polyethylene bottle, 30.893 g (105 mmol) of 3,3′-4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride that had been dried in a dryer of 160° C. for 24 hours, 28.833 g (210 mmol) of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 0.110 g of hydroquinone were dissolved in 239 g of N-methylpyrrolidone. After addition of a catalytic amount of 1,8-diazabicycloundecene, the resultant was stirred at room temperature (25° C.) for 24 hours for esterification, whereby a pyromellitic acid-hydroxyethyl methacrylate diester solution was obtained. This solution is referred to as a s-BPDA (HEMA) solution.
In a 0.5 L-polyethylene bottle, 49.634 g (160 mmol) of 4,4′-oxydiphthalic acid that had been dried in a dryer of 160° C. for 24 hours, 44.976 g (328 mmol) of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 0.176 g of hydroquinone were dissolved in 378 g of N-methylpyrrolidone. After addition of a catalytic amount of 1,8-diazabicycloundecene, the resultant was stirred at room temperature (25° C.) for 48 hours for esterification, whereby a 4,4′-oxydiphthalic acid-hydroxyethyl methacrylate diester solution was obtained. This solution is referred to as an ODPA (HEMA) solution.
In a 0.5 L-flask provided with a stirrer and a thermometer, 244.455 g of the PMDA (HEMA) solution obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was put. Thereafter, while cooling on ice, 25.9 g (217.8 mmol) of thionyl chloride was added dropwise by means of a dropping funnel such that the temperature of the reaction solution was maintained at 10° C. or less. After completion of dropwise addition of thionyl chloride, stirring was conducted while cooling on ice for 1 hour, whereby a PMDA (HEMA) chloride solution was obtained. Subsequently, by means of a dropping funnel, a solution of 31.696 g (99.0 mmol) of 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine, 34.457 g (435.6 mmol) of pyridine and 0.076 g (0.693 mmol) of hydroquinone dissolved in 90.211 g of N-methylpyrrolidone was added dropwise carefully while cooling on ice such that the temperature of the reaction solution did not exceed 10° C. This reaction liquid was added dropwise to distilled water, and precipitated matters were collected by filtration. The collected matters were dried under reduced pressure, whereby a polyamide acid ester was obtained. The weight-average molecular weight in terms of standard polystyrene was 32,000. This polymer is referred to as polymer I. 1 g of polymer I was dissolved in 1.5 g of N-methylpyrrolidone, and the resultant was applied to a glass substrate by spin coating. Then, the substrate was heated on a hot plate of 100° C. for 180 seconds to evaporate the solvent, whereby a 20 μm-thick coating film was formed. The i-line transmittance of the resulting coating film was 17%.
In a 0.5 L-flask provided with a stirrer and a thermometer, 282.125 g of a s-BPDA (HEMA) solution obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was put. Subsequently, by means of a dropping funnel, 25.9 g (217.8 mmol) of thionyl chloride was added dropwise while cooling on ice such that the temperature of the reaction solution was kept at 10° C. or less. After completion of dropwise addition of thionyl chloride, stirring was conducted while cooling on ice for 1 hour, whereby a solution of s-BPDA (HEMA) chloride was obtained. Subsequently, by means of a dropping funnel, a solution of 31.696 g (99.0 mmol) of 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine, 34.457 g (435.6 mmol) of pyridine and 0.076 g (0.693 mmol) of hydroquinone in 90.211 g of N-methylpyrrolidone was added dropwise carefully while cooling on ice such that the temperature of the reaction solution did not exceed 10° C. This reaction liquid was added dropwise to distilled water, and precipitated matters were collected by filtration. The collected matters were dried under reduced pressure, whereby a polyamide acid ester was obtained. The weight-average molecular weight in terms of standard polystyrene was 85,000. This polymer is referred to as polymer II. 1 g of the polymer II was dissolved in 1.5 g of N-methylpyrrolidone and the resultant was applied to a glass substrate by spin coating. Then, the substrate was heated on a hot plate of 100° C. for 180 seconds to evaporate the solvent, whereby a 20 μm-thick coating film was formed. The i-line transmittance of the resulting coating film was 60%.
In a 0.5 L-flask provided with a stirrer and a thermometer, 195.564 g of a PMDA (HEMA) solution obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 58.652 g of an ODPA (HEMA) solution obtained in Synthesis Example 3 were put. Subsequently, by means of a dropping funnel, 25.9 g (217.8 mmol) of thionyl chloride was added dropwise while cooling on ice such that the temperature of the reaction liquid was kept at 10° C. or less. After completion of dropwise addition of thionyl chloride, a reaction was conducted while cooling on ice for 2 hours, whereby an acid chloride solution of PMDA (HEMA) and ODPA (HEMA) was obtained. Subsequently, by means of a dropping funnel, a solution of 31.696 g (99.0 mmol) of 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine, 34.457 g (435.6 mmol) of pyridine and 0.076 g (0.693 mmol) of hydroquinone in 90.211 g of N-methylpyrrolidone was added dropwise carefully while cooling on ice such that the temperature of the reaction solution did not exceed 10° C. This reaction liquid was added dropwise to distilled water, and precipitated matters were collected by filtration. The collected matters were dried under reduced pressure, whereby a polyamide acid ester was obtained. The weight-average molecular weight in terms of standard polystyrene was 34,000. This polymer is referred to as polymer III. 1 g of the polymer III was dissolved in 1.5 g of N-methylpyrrolidone and applied to a glass substrate by spin coating. Then, the substrate was heated on a hot plate of 100° C. for 180 seconds to evaporate the solvent, whereby a 20 μm-thick coating film was formed. The i-line transmittance of the resulting coating film was 30%.
In a 0.5 L-flask provided with a stirrer and a thermometer, 150.152 g of a PMDA (HEMA) solution obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 118.335 g of an ODPA (HEMA) solution obtained in Synthesis Example 3 were put. Subsequently, by means of a dropping funnel, 25.9 g (217.8 mmol) of thionyl chloride was added dropwise while cooling on ice such that the temperature of the reaction liquid was kept at 10° C. or less. After completion of dropwise addition of thionyl chloride, a reaction was conducted while cooling on ice for 2 hours, whereby an acid chloride solution of PMDA (HEMA) and ODPA (HEMA) was obtained. Subsequently, by means of a dropping funnel, a solution of 6.305 g (29.7 mmol) of 2,2′-dimethylbenzidine, 22.187 g (69.3 mmol) of 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine, 34.457 g (435.6 mmol) of pyridine and 0.076 g (0.693 mmol) of hydroquinone in 113.968 g of N-methylpyrrolidone was added dropwise carefully while cooling on ice such that the temperature of the reaction liquid did not exceed 10° C. This reaction liquid was added dropwise to distilled water, and precipitated matters were collected by filtration. The collected matters were dried under reduced pressure, whereby a polyamide acid ester was obtained. The weight-average molecular weight in terms of standard polystyrene was 34,000. This polymer is referred to as polymer IV. 1 g of the polymer IV was dissolved in 1.5 g of N-methylpyrrolidone and the resultant was applied to a glass substrate by spin coating. Then, the substrate was heated on a hot plate of 100° C. for 180 seconds to evaporate the solvent, whereby a 20 μm-thick coating film was formed. The i-line transmittance of the resulting coating film was 15%.
In a 0.5 L-flask provided with a stirrer and a thermometer, 181.944 g of a ODPA (HEMA) solution obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was put. Subsequently, by means of a dropping funnel, 25.9 g (217.8 mmol) of thionyl chloride was added dropwise while cooling on ice such that the temperature of the reaction liquid was kept at 10° C. or less. After completion of dropwise addition of thionyl chloride, stirring was conducted while cooling on ice for 1 hour, whereby a solution of ODPA (HEMA) chloride was obtained. Subsequently, by means of a dropping funnel, a solution of 21.017 g (99.0 mmol) of 2,2′-dimethylbenzidine, 34.457 g (435.6 mmol) of pyridine and 0.076 g (0.693 mmol) of hydroquinone in 59.817 g of N-methylpyrrolidone was added dropwise carefully while cooling on ice such that the temperature of the reaction liquid did not exceed 10° C. This reaction liquid was added dropwise to distilled water, and precipitated matters were collected by filtration. The collected matters were dried under reduced pressure, whereby a polyamide acid ester was obtained. The weight-average molecular weight in terms of standard polystyrene was 35,000. This polymer is referred to as polymer V. 1 g of the polymer V was dissolved in 1.5 g of N-methylpyrrolidone and the resultant was applied to a glass substrate by spin coating. Then, the substrate was heated on a hot plate of 100° C. for 180 seconds to evaporate the solvent, whereby a 20 μm-thick coating film was formed. The i-line transmittance of the resulting coating film was 40%.
In a 0.5 L-flask provided with a stirrer and a thermometer, 244.455 g of a PMDA (HEMA) solution obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was put. Subsequently, by means of a dropping funnel, 25.9 g (217.8 mmol) of thionyl chloride was added dropwise while cooling on ice such that the temperature of the reaction liquid was kept at 10° C. or less. After completion of dropwise addition of thionyl chloride, stirring was conducted while cooling on ice for 1 hour, whereby a solution of PMDA (HEMA) chloride was obtained. Subsequently, by means of a dropping funnel, a solution of 21.017 g (99.0 mmol) of 2,2′-dimethylbenzidine, 34.457 g (435.6 mmol) of pyridine and 0.076 g (0.693 mmol) of hydroquinone in 59.817 g of N-methylpyrrolidone was added dropwise carefully while cooling on ice such that the temperature of the reaction liquid did not exceed 10° C. This reaction liquid was added dropwise to distilled water, and precipitated matters were collected by filtration. The collected matters were dried under reduced pressure, whereby a polyamide acid ester was obtained. The weight average molecular weight in terms of standard polystyrene was 27,000. This polymer is referred to as polymer VI. 1 g of the polymer VI was dissolved in 1.5 g of N-methylpyrrolidone and the resultant was applied to a glass substrate by spin coating. Then, the substrate was heated on a hot plate of 100° C. for 180 seconds to evaporate the solvent, whereby a 20 μm-thick coating film was formed. The i-line transmittance of the resulting coating film was 1%.
In a 0.1 L-flask provided with a stirrer and a thermometer, 9.607 g (30 mmol) of 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine was put, and dissolved in 73.735 g of N-methylpyrrolidone. Subsequently, 6.544 g (30 mmol) of pyromellitic dianhydride was added carefully to avoid heat generation. The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature (25° C.) for 5 hours to obtain a polyamide acid solution. The weight-average molecular weight in terms of standard polystyrene was 69,000. This polymer is referred to as polymer VII. 1 g of polymer VII was dissolved in 1.5 g of N-methylpyrrolidone, and the resultant was applied to a glass substrate by spin coating. Then, the substrate was heated on a hot plate of 100° C. for 180 seconds to evaporate the solvent, whereby a 20 μm-thick coating film was formed. The i-line transmittance of the resulting coating film was 50%.
The weight-average molecular weight in terms of standard polystyrene obtained by GPC of the polymers I to VII was measured by the following method. Measurement was conducted by using a solution obtained by using 1 mL of a solvent [THF/DMF=1/1 (volume ratio)] relative to 0.5 mg of a polymer.
Measurement apparatus: detector L4000 UV manufactured by Hitachi Ltd.
Pump: L6000 manufactured by Hitachi Ltd.
C-R4A Chromatopac manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
Measurement conditions: Column Gelpack GL-S300MDT-5×2
Eluent: THF/DMF=1/1 (volume ratio)
LiBr (0.03 mol/L), H3PO4 (0.06 mol/L)
Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min, detector: UV270 nm
The i-line transmittance of the polymers I to VII was measured by using a U-3310 spectrophotometer manufactured by Hitachi Ltd.
In a 0.1 L-separable flask provided with a cooler, a stirrer and a dropping funnel, 8.16 g (35 mmol) of 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (KBE-9007, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was put. Through a dropping funnel, 2.819 g of a dilute ethanol solution (SIB-1140.0 manufactured by Gelest, Inc.) of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added dropwise at a speed at which the reaction proceeded at a temperature of the reaction solution of 50° C. or less. After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction solution was heated in an oil bath of 60° C. for 3 hours. In the IR spectrum of the reaction solution after the heating, a peak derived from an isocyanate group at around 2260 cm−1 disappeared and a peak derived from a NH group appeared at around 3370 cm−1.
A reaction product was confirmed by disappearance of KBE-9007 by thin layer column chromatography using silica gel as a support (eluent: hexane, coupler: iodine). From the facts mentioned above, it was confirmed that an adduct (b1) of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane and an adduct (b3) of ethanol and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane were obtained.
In a 0.1 L-separable flask provided with a cooler, a stirrer and a dropping funnel, 8.16 g (35 mmol) of 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (KBE-9007, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was put. Through a dropping funnel, 4.524 g (35 mmol) of 2-ethylhexylamine (manufactured by Merck Ltd.) was added dropwise at a speed at which the reaction proceeded at a temperature of the reaction solution of 50° C. or less. After completion of the dropwise addition, in the IR spectrum of the reaction solution, a peak derived from an isocyanate group at around 2260 cm−1 disappeared and a peak derived from a NH group appeared at around 3370 cm−1.
A reaction product was confirmed by disappearance of KBE-9007 by thin layer column chromatography using silica gel as a support (eluent: hexane, coupler: iodide). From the facts mentioned above, it was confirmed that an adduct (b4) of 2-ethylhexylamine and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane was obtained.
In a 0.1 L-separable flask provided with a cooler, a stirrer and a dropping funnel, 8.16 g (35 mmol) of 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (KBE-9007, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was put. Through a dropping funnel, a solution of 2.979 g (35 mmol) of 5-aminotetrazole dissolved in 11.56 g of N-methylpyrrolidone was added dropwise at a speed at which the reaction proceeded at a temperature of the reaction solution of 50° C. or less. After completion of the dropwise addition, in the IR spectrum of the reaction solution, a peak derived from an isocyanate group at around 2260 cm−1 disappeared and a peak derived from a NH group appeared at around 3370 cm−1. A reaction product was confirmed by disappearance of KBE-9007 by thin layer chromatography using silica gel as a support (eluent: hexane, coupler: iodine). From the facts mentioned above, it was confirmed that an adduct (b5) of 5-aminoterazole and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane was obtained.
In a 0.1 L-separable flask provided with a cooler, a stirrer and a dropping funnel, 23.311 g (100 mmol) of 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (KBE-9007, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was put. Through a dropping funnel, 3.40 g (100 mmol) of methanol was added dropwise at a speed at which the reaction proceeded at a temperature of the reaction solution of 50° C. or less. After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction liquid was heated in an oil bath of 50° C. for 6 hours. In the IR spectrum of the reaction solution after the heating, a peak derived from an isocyanate group at around 2260 cm−1 disappeared and a peak derived from a NH group appeared at around 3370 cm−1. A reaction product was confirmed by disappearance of KBE-9007 by using thin layer column chromatography using silica gel as a support (eluent: hexane, coupler: iodine). From the facts mentioned above, it was confirmed that an adduct (b2) of methanol and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane was obtained.
The IR spectrum was measured by means of FTS-3000MX (manufactured by Digital Laboratory, Inc.) and by adding dropwise 0.2 g of the reaction solution to a PET film.
Components (a) to (c) were dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone at an amount ratio shown in Table 1, whereby a resin composition was prepared.
In Table 1, the numeral in parenthesis in each column of component (b) and component (c) indicates the amount added (parts by mass) relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (a). As the solvent, N-methylpyrrolidone was used, and the amount thereof was 1.5 times (150 parts by mass) relative to 100 parts by mass of the component (a).
In the Examples, when a photosensitive resin composition was prepared by using the component (c), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate was compounded in an amount of 20 parts by mass relative to the component (a).
For the resin compositions prepared in the Examples and the Comparative Examples, the residual stress of the cured film, the adhesiveness and the storage stability of the composition and the resolution at the time of film formation were measured. The results are shown in Table 1. The methods for evaluation are as follows.
(Measurement of Residual Stress)
The resulting photosensitive resin composition was applied by spin coating to a 6-inch silicon wafer. The wafer was heated on a hot plate of 100° C. for 3 minutes to evaporate the solvent, whereby a coating film of which the film thickness after curing became about 10 μm was obtained. By using a vertical diffusion furnace manufactured by Koyo Lindberg, Ltd., the coating film was cured by heating in nitrogen atmosphere at 375° C. for 1 hour, whereby a polyimide film (cured film) was obtained. The residual stress of the polyimide film after curing was measured at room temperature by means of a stress measurement apparatus for a thin film (FLX-2320 manufactured by KLA Tencor Corporation).
(Evaluation of Adhesiveness)
The resulting photosensitive resin composition was applied by spin coating to a 6-inch silicon wafer. The wafer was heated on a hot plate of 100° C. for 3 minutes to evaporate the solvent, whereby a coating film of which the film thickness after curing became about 10 μm was obtained. By using a vertical diffusion furnace manufactured by Koyo Lindberg, Ltd., the coating film was cured by heating in nitrogen atmosphere at 375° C. for 1 hour, whereby a polyimide film (cured film) was obtained. In order to confirm the adhesiveness between the polyimide film and the silicon wafer used as the substrate, after exposing for 100 hours under conditions of 121° C., 2 atm and 100% RH, the polyimide film was subjected to a cross cut test (JIS K5400-8.5 (JIS D0202)).
A case where 95 grids of the polyimide film remained on the substrate was evaluated as A, a case where 85 to 94 grids of the polyimide film remained on the substrate was evaluated as B, and a case where 84 or less of grids remained on the substrate was evaluated as C. B or higher was evaluated as having excellent adhesiveness.
(Evaluation of Storage Stability)
The resulting resin composition was applied by spin coating to a 6-inch silicon wafer. The resultant was heated on a hot plate of 100° C. for 3 minutes to evaporate the solvent, whereby a coating film having a film thickness of about 10 μm was obtained. The film thickness at this time was taken as the initial film thickness. After storing the resin composition at 25° C. for 7 days, under the similar conditions to those for the measurement of the initial film thickness, the resin composition was applied to a 6-inch wafer. The wafer was heated on a hot plate of 100° C. for 3 minutes to evaporate the solvent, whereby a coating film was obtained.
A case where the difference between the initial film thickness and the film thickness after the storage for 7 days was within ±0.5 μm was evaluated as A, a case where the difference between the initial film thickness and the film thickness after the storage for 7 days was 0.6 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less was evaluated as B, and a case where the difference between the initial film thickness and the film thickness after the storage for 7 days was larger than 1.0 μm was evaluated as C. B or higher was evaluated as having excellent storage stability.
(Evaluation of Photosensitive Characteristics (Resolution))
Evaluation was conducted for a resin composition to which the component (c) had been added. The resin composition was applied to a 6-inch wafer by spin coating. The wafer was heated on a hot plate of 100° C. for 3 minutes to evaporate the solvent, whereby a coating film having a thickness of 10 μm was obtained. The coating film was immersed in a mixed solvent of γ-butyrolactone:butyl acetate=7:3, and the period of time that was twice the time until the film was completely dissolved was taken as the developing time. For the coating film obtained by the similar process, through a photomask, the wafer that had been exposed to i-line (300 mJ/cm2) by using an i-line stepper (FPA-3000 iW) manufactured by Canon Corp. was immersed in a γ-butyrolactone:butyl acetate=7:3 for conducting paddle development. Thereafter, the wafer was rinsed with cyclopentanone. The minimum value of the mask dimension of the line-and-space pattern that had been resolved was evaluated as resolution.
In Table 1, the component (b) is a compound represented by the following structural formula.
In Table 1, the component (c) is a compound shown below.
Among the polymers as the component (a), one having a fluorine-substituted benzidine skeleton as a diamine component has high i-line transmittance. By using in combination with pyromellitic dianhydride or 3,3′-4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid as an acid component, a resin composition having a low stress can be obtained. When a component different from the component (b) of the present invention was used, attainment of both adhesiveness and storage stability could not be realized.
The resin composition of the present invention can be used for package applications such as a cover coat material, a core material for redistribution, a ball (e.g. solder) collar material, an underfill material or the like that form an electronic part of a semiconductor device or the like.
Although only some exemplary embodiments and/or examples of this invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments and/or examples without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention.
The documents described in the specification, and the specification of the Japanese application claiming priority under the Paris Convention are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-279340 | Dec 2012 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/007345 | 12/13/2013 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014/097594 | 6/26/2014 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20150337116 A1 | Nov 2015 | US |
