Patent Application
20190385823
The present technology relates to semiconductor processes and equipment. More specifically, the present technology relates to processing system plasma components.
Integrated circuits are made possible by processes which produce intricately patterned material layers on substrate surfaces. Producing patterned material on a substrate requires controlled methods for removal of exposed material. Chemical etching is used for a variety of purposes including transferring a pattern in photoresist into underlying layers, thinning layers, or thinning lateral dimensions of features already present on the surface. Often it is desirable to have an etch process that etches one material faster than another facilitating, for example, a pattern transfer process. Such an etch process is said to be selective to the first material. As a result of the diversity of materials, circuits, and processes, etch processes have been developed with a selectivity towards a variety of materials.
Dry etches produced in local plasmas formed within the substrate processing region can penetrate more constrained trenches and exhibit less deformation of delicate remaining structures. However, as integrated circuit technology continues to scale down in size, the equipment that delivers the precursors can impact the uniformity and quality of the precursors and plasma species used.
Thus, there is a need for improved system components that can be used in plasma environments effectively while providing suitable degradation profiles. These and other needs are addressed by the present technology.
Gas distribution assemblies are described including an annular body, an upper plate, and a lower plate. The upper plate may define a first plurality of apertures, and the lower plate may define a second and third plurality of apertures. The upper and lower plates may be coupled with one another and the annular body such that the first and second apertures produce channels through the gas distribution assemblies, and a volume is defined between the upper and lower plates.
The assemblies may include an annular body having an inner annular wall located at an inner diameter, an outer annular wall located at an outer diameter, as well as an upper surface and a lower surface. The annular body may further include a first upper recess formed in the upper surface, a first lower recess formed in the lower surface at the inner annular wall, and a second lower recess formed in the lower surface below and radially outward of the first lower recess. The annular body may also define a first fluid channel in the upper surface that is located in the annular body radially inward of the first upper recess. The assemblies may include an upper plate coupled with the annular body at the first upper recess and covering the first fluid channel, and the upper plate may define a plurality of first apertures. The assemblies may also include a lower plate coupled with the annular body at the first lower recess and having a plurality of second apertures defined in the plate where the second apertures align with the first apertures defined in the upper plate. The lower plate may also define a plurality of third apertures located between the second apertures. The upper and lower plates may be coupled with one another such that the first and second apertures are aligned to form a channel through the upper and lower plates.
The upper and lower plates of the assemblies may be bonded together. The annular body of the assemblies may further define a second fluid channel in the upper surface that is located radially outward of the first fluid channel, and a plurality of ports may be defined in a portion of the annular body defining an outer wall of the first fluid channel and an inner wall of the second fluid channel. The second fluid channel may be located radially outward of the upper recess such that the second fluid channel is not covered by the upper plate. The annular body may define a second upper recess near the top of the second fluid channel in both the inner wall and an outer wall, and the gas distribution assembly may include an annular member positioned within the second upper recess so as to cover the second fluid channel. The upper recess may include a bottom portion that intersects the outer wall of the first fluid channel.
The assemblies may further include a pair of isolation channels, where one of the pair of isolation channels is defined in the upper surface of the annular body, and the other of the pair of isolation channels is defined in the lower surface of the annular body. The pair of isolation channels may be vertically aligned with one another. The second fluid channel may be located radially inward of the upper recess such that the second fluid channel is covered by the upper plate in embodiments. A portion of the upper plate may also extend into the second channel below a bottom of the upper recess. The plurality of ports may be angled upward from the second fluid channel to the first fluid channel such that the ports are fluidly accessible below the portion of the upper plate extending into the second channel. The isolation channels may be disposed in embodiments so that one of the pair of isolation channels is defined in the upper plate at a location radially inward from the upper recess, and the other of the pair of isolation channels is defined in the lower surface of the annular body so that the pair of isolation channels are vertically aligned with one another. The annular body may also define an annular temperature channel configured to receive a cooling fluid operable to maintain a temperature of the annular body. The temperature channel may also be configured to receive a heating element disposed within the channel and operable to maintain a temperature of the annular body.
Gas distribution assemblies are also described that may include an annular body. The annular body may include an inner annular wall located at an inner diameter, an outer annular wall located at an outer diameter, and an upper surface and a lower surface. An upper recess may be formed in the upper surface and a lower recess may be formed in the lower surface. A first fluid channel may be defined in the lower surface that is located in the annular body radially inward of the lower recess. The assemblies may also include an upper plate coupled with the annular body at the upper recess, where the upper plate defines a plurality of first apertures. The assemblies may also include a lower plate coupled with the annular body at the lower recess, and covering the first fluid channel. The lower plate may define a plurality of second apertures that align with the first apertures defined in the upper plate. The lower plate may further define a plurality of third apertures located between the second apertures. The upper and lower plates may be coupled with one another such that the first and second apertures are aligned to form a channel through the upper and lower plates.
The gas distribution assemblies may include a second fluid channel defined in the lower surface that is located in the annular body radially outward of the first fluid channel. A plurality of ports may be defined in a portion of the annular body defining an outer wall of the first fluid channel and an inner wall of the second fluid channel, and the plurality of ports may be configured to fluidly couple the second fluid channel with the first fluid channel. The second fluid channel may be located radially inward of the lower recess such that the second fluid channel may be covered by the lower plate, and where a portion of the lower plate extends into the second channel above a top of the lower recess. The plurality of ports may be angled downward from the second fluid channel to the first fluid channel such that the ports are fluidly accessible above the portion of the lower plate extending into the second channel. The first apertures may also have a conical shape of decreasing diameter as the first apertures extend through the upper plate. The second and third apertures may have a conical shape of increasing diameter as the second and third apertures extend through the lower plate. Each of the second and third apertures may also include at least three sections of different shape or diameter.
Gas distribution assemblies are also described having an annular body having an inner wall located at an inner diameter, an outer wall located at an outer diameter, an upper surface, and a lower surface. The assemblies may also include an upper plate coupled with the annular body, and the upper plate may define a plurality of first apertures. An intermediate plate may be coupled with the upper plate, and the intermediate plate may define a plurality of second and third apertures, where the second apertures align with the first apertures of the upper plate. The assemblies may also include a lower plate coupled with the annular body and the intermediate plate. The lower plate may define a plurality of fourth apertures that align with the first apertures of the upper plate and the second apertures of the intermediate plate to form a first set of fluid channels through the plates. The lower plate may also define a plurality of fifth apertures that align with the third apertures of the intermediate plate to form a second set of fluid channels through the intermediate and lower plates, where the second set of fluid channels are fluidly isolated from the first set of fluid channels. The lower plate may further define a sixth set of apertures that form a third set of fluid channels through the lower plate, where the third set of fluid channels are fluidly isolated from the first and second set of fluid channels.
The lower plate of the gas distribution assemblies may include an orientation of the fourth, fifth, and sixth apertures such that a majority of fourth apertures are each surrounded by at least four of the fifth apertures and four of the sixth apertures. The fifth apertures may be located around the fourth apertures with centers of the fifth apertures at about 90° intervals from one another about a center of the fourth apertures, and the sixth apertures may be located around the fourth apertures with centers of the sixth apertures at about 90° intervals from one another about the center of the fourth apertures and offset from the fifth apertures by about 45°. The fifth apertures may be located around the fourth apertures with centers of the fifth apertures at about 60° intervals from one another about a center of the fourth apertures, and where the sixth apertures are located around the fourth apertures with centers of the sixth apertures at about 60° intervals from one another about the center of the fourth apertures and offset from the fifth apertures by about 30°.
Such technology may provide numerous benefits over conventional systems and techniques. For example, leakage through the assembly may be minimized or avoided providing improved flow characteristics, which may lead to improved process uniformity. Additionally, multiple precursors may be delivered through the assembly while being maintained fluidly isolated from one another. These and other embodiments, along with many of their advantages and features, are described in more detail in conjunction with the below description and attached figures.
A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the disclosed technology may be realized by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and the drawings.
In the appended figures, similar components and/or features may have the same numerical reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a letter that distinguishes among the similar components and/or features. If only the first numerical reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components and/or features having the same first numerical reference label irrespective of the letter suffix.
The present technology includes improved gas distribution assembly or showerhead designs for distributing processing gases to produce flow patterns for forming deposition layers on a semiconductor substrate of a more uniform height and/or etching deposited layers in a more uniform fashion. While conventional showerhead designs may simply provide pass-through distribution systems for processing and precursor gases, the presently described technology allows for improved control of the flow characteristics of gases as they are delivered to a substrate processing chamber. In so doing, deposition operations may produce more accurate film profiles during manufacturing operations.
Although some conventional gas distribution assemblies or showerheads may include multiple fluid channels covered by a plate, for example, such designs routinely suffer from gaps along the intersections of the plate with the portions of the body located between the channels and the inner walls. When the plate is coupled with the body, for example via bonding, brazing, etc., the plate may warp. Because the coupling may be performed only around the outer edge, no additional bonding may exist at other interfaces of the plate and body. Even slight warping of the plate may produce an uneven surface at the interfaces between the upper plate and annular body, and interface locations where warping has occurred may not properly couple with the annular body. As such, in operation, fluid may leak between the first and second fluid channels, as well as between the first fluid channel and a central region. Such leakage can affect fluid delivery into the processing region, which can impact deposition or etching. Aspects of the present technology, however, overcome many if not all of these issues by providing components that are less likely to warp, and/or designs that are less impacted by warping.
The substrate processing sections 108a-f of the tandem process chambers 109a-c may include one or more system components for depositing, annealing, curing and/or etching substrates or films thereon. Exemplary films may be flowable dielectrics, but many types of films may be formed or processed with the processing tool. In one configuration, two pairs of the tandem processing sections of the processing chamber (e.g., 108c-d and 108e-f) may be used to deposit the dielectric material on the substrate, and the third pair of tandem processing sections (e.g., 108a-b) may be used to anneal the deposited dielectric. In another configuration, the two pairs of the tandem processing sections of processing chambers (e.g., 108c-d and 108e-f) may be configured to both deposit and anneal a dielectric film on the substrate, while the third pair of tandem processing sections (e.g., 108a-b) may be used for UV or E-beam curing of the deposited film. In still another configuration, all three pairs of tandem processing sections (e.g., 108a-f) may be configured to deposit and cure a dielectric film on the substrate or etch features into a deposited film.
In yet another configuration, two pairs of tandem processing sections (e.g., 108c-d and 108e-f) may be used for both deposition and UV or E-beam curing of the dielectric, while a third pair of tandem processing sections (e.g. 108a-b) may be used for annealing the dielectric film. In addition, one or more of the tandem processing sections 108a-f may be configured as a treatment chamber, and may be a wet or dry treatment chamber. These process chambers may include heating the dielectric film in an atmosphere that includes moisture. Thus, embodiments of system 100 may include wet treatment tandem processing sections 108a-b and anneal tandem processing sections 108c-d to perform both wet and dry anneals on the deposited dielectric film. It will be appreciated that additional configurations of deposition, annealing, and curing chambers for dielectric films are contemplated by system 100.
A fluid, such as a precursor, for example a silicon-containing precursor, may be flowed into the processing region 233 by embodiments of the showerhead described herein. Excited species derived from the process gas in the plasma region 215 may travel through apertures in the showerhead 225 and react with the precursor flowing into the processing region 233 from the showerhead. Little or no plasma may be present in the processing region 233. Excited derivatives of the process gas and the precursor may combine in the region above the substrate and, on occasion, on the substrate to form a film on the substrate that may be flowable in disclosed applications. For flowable films, as the film grows, more recently added material may possess a higher mobility than underlying material. Mobility may decrease as organic content is reduced by evaporation. Gaps may be filled by the flowable film using this technique without leaving traditional densities of organic content within the film after deposition is completed. A curing step may still be used to further reduce or remove the organic content from a deposited film.
Exciting the process gas in the first plasma region 215 directly, exciting the process gas in the RPS, or both, may provide several benefits. The concentration of the excited species derived from the process gas may be increased within the processing region 233 due to the plasma in the first plasma region 215. This increase may result from the location of the plasma in the first plasma region 215. The processing region 233 may be located closer to the first plasma region 215 than the remote plasma system (RPS) 201, leaving less time for the excited species to leave excited states through collisions with other gas molecules, walls of the chamber, and surfaces of the showerhead.
The uniformity of the concentration of the excited species derived from the process gas may also be increased within the processing region 233. This may result from the shape of the first plasma region 215, which may be more similar to the shape of the processing region 233. Excited species created in the remote plasma system (RPS) 201 may travel greater distances in order to pass through apertures near the edges of the showerhead 225 relative to species that pass through apertures near the center of the showerhead 225. The greater distance may result in a reduced excitation of the excited species and, for example, may result in a slower growth rate near the edge of a substrate. Exciting the process gas in the first plasma region 215 may mitigate this variation.
The processing gas may be excited in the RPS 201 and may be passed through the showerhead 225 to the processing region 233 in the excited state. Alternatively, power may be applied to the first processing region to either excite a plasma gas or enhance an already exited process gas from the RPS. While a plasma may be generated in the processing region 233, a plasma may alternatively not be generated in the processing region. In one example, the only excitation of the processing gas or precursors may be from exciting the processing gas in the
RPS 201 to react with the precursors in the processing region 233.
The processing chamber and this discussed tool are more fully described in patent application Ser. No. 12/210,940 filed on Sep. 15, 2008, and patent application Ser. No. 12/210,982 filed on Sep. 15, 2008, which are incorporated herein by reference to the extent not inconsistent with the claimed aspects and description herein.
Precursors may be introduced into the distribution zone by first being introduced into an internal showerhead volume 294 defined in the showerhead 225 by a first manifold 226, or upper plate, and second manifold 227, or lower plate. The manifolds may be perforated plates that define a plurality of apertures. The precursors in the internal showerhead volume 294 may flow 295 into the processing region 233 via apertures 296 formed in the lower plate. This flow path may be isolated from the rest of the process gases in the chamber, and may provide for the precursors to be in an unreacted or substantially unreacted state until entry into the processing region 233 defined between the substrate 217 and a bottom of the lower plate 227. Once in the processing region 233, the precursor may react with a processing gas. The precursor may be introduced into the internal showerhead volume 294 defined in the showerhead 225 through a side channel formed in the showerhead, such as channels 322, 422 as shown in the showerhead embodiments herein. The process gas may be in a plasma state including radicals from the RPS unit or from a plasma generated in the first plasma region. Additionally, a plasma may be generated in the processing region.
Processing gases may be provided into the first plasma region 215, or upper volume, defined by the faceplate 217 and the top of the showerhead 225. The processing gas may be plasma excited in the first plasma region 215 to produce process gas plasma and radicals. Alternatively, the processing gas may already be in a plasma state after passing through a remote plasma system prior to introduction to the first plasma processing region 215 defined by the faceplate 217 and the top of the showerhead 225.
The processing gas including plasma and radicals may then be delivered to the processing region 233 for reaction with the precursors though channels, such as channels 290, formed through the apertures in the showerhead plates or manifolds. The processing gasses passing though the channels may be fluidly isolated from the internal showerhead volume 294 and may not react with the precursors passing through the internal showerhead volume 294 as both the processing gas and the precursors pass through the showerhead 225. Once in the processing volume, the processing gas and precursors may mix and react.
In addition to the process gas and a dielectric material precursor, there may be other gases introduced at varied times for varied purposes. A treatment gas may be introduced to remove unwanted species from the chamber walls, the substrate, the deposited film and/or the film during deposition. A treatment gas may be excited in a plasma and then used to reduce or remove residual content inside the chamber. In other disclosed embodiments the treatment gas may be used without a plasma. When the treatment gas includes water vapor, the delivery may be achieved using a mass flow meter (MFM), an injection valve, or by commercially available water vapor generators. The treatment gas may be introduced from the first processing region, either through the RPS unit or bypassing the RPS unit, and may further be excited in the first plasma region.
The axis 292 of the opening of apertures 291 and the axis 297 of the opening of apertures 296 may be parallel or substantially parallel to one another. Alternatively, the axis 292 and axis 297 may be angled from each other, such as from about 1° to about 80°, for example, from about 1° to about 30°. Alternatively, each of the respective axes 292 may be angled from each other, such as from about 1° to about 80°, for example, from about 1° to about 30°, and each of the respective axis 297 may be angled from each other, such as from about 1° to about 80°, for example, from about 1° to about 30°.
The respective openings may be angled, such as shown for aperture 291 in
Plasma generating gases and/or plasma excited species, depending on use of the RPS 201, may pass through a plurality of holes, shown in
The processing system may further include a power supply 240 electrically coupled with the processing chamber to provide electric power to the faceplate 217 and/or showerhead 225 to generate a plasma in the first plasma region 215 or processing region 233. The power supply may be configured to deliver an adjustable amount of power to the chamber depending on the process performed.
An additional dual-channel showerhead, as well as this processing system and chamber, are more fully described in patent application Ser. No. 13/251,714 filed on Oct. 3, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes to the extent not inconsistent with the claimed features and description herein.
Referring to
One or more recesses and/or channels may be formed in or defined by the annular body as shown in disclosed embodiments including that illustrated in
Again referring to
By providing annular member 316 to cover the second fluid channel 308a, leakage between the first and second fluid channels may be substantially eliminated, and in disclosed embodiments may be completely eliminated. Annular member 316 may be coupled with the annular body 340, such as by bonding for example, on both sides of the channel in both recesses 309. Because the annular member 316 does not extend radially beyond the width of the second fluid channel 308a and recesses 309, annular member 316 is less prone to radial warping. As such, an improved covering profile may be produced, and leakage from the second fluid channel may be substantially or completely prevented.
The upper plate 320 may be a disk-shaped body, and may be coupled with the annular body 340 at the first upper recess 303. The upper plate 320 may thus cover the first fluid channel 306 to prevent or substantially prevent fluid flow from the top of the first fluid channel 306. The upper plate may have a diameter selected to mate with the diameter of the upper recess 303, and the upper plate may comprise a plurality of first apertures 360 formed therethrough. The first apertures 360 may extend beyond a bottom surface of the upper plate 320 thereby forming a number of raised cylindrical bodies. In between each raised cylindrical body may be a gap. As seen in
The pattern may also feature an array of staggered rows from about 5 to about 60 rows, such as from about 15 to about 25 rows of first apertures 360. Each row may have, along the y-axis, from about 5 to about 20 first apertures 360, with each row being spaced between about 0.4 and about 0.7 inches apart. Each first aperture 360 in a row may be displaced along the x-axis from a prior aperture between about 0.4 and about 0.8 inches from each respective diameter. The first apertures 360 may be staggered along the x-axis from an aperture in another row by between about 0.2 and about 0.4 inches from each respective diameter. The first apertures 360 may be equally spaced from one another in each row. Referring to
The lower plate 325 may have a disk-shaped body having a number of second apertures 365 and third apertures 375 formed therethrough, as especially seen in
The second apertures 365 may be arranged in a pattern that aligns with the pattern of the first apertures 360 as described above. In one embodiment, when the upper plate 320 and bottom plate 325 are positioned one on top of the other, the axes of the first apertures 360 and second apertures 365 align. In disclosed embodiments, the upper and lower plates may be coupled with one another or directly bonded together. Under either scenario, the coupling of the plates may occur such that the first and second apertures are aligned to form a channel through the upper and lower plates. The plurality of first apertures 360 and the plurality of second apertures 365 may have their respective axes parallel or substantially parallel to each other, for example, the apertures 360, 365 may be concentric. Alternatively, the plurality of first apertures 360 and the plurality of second apertures 365 may have the respective axis disposed at an angle from about 1° to about 30° from one another. At the center of the bottom plate 325 there may be no second aperture 365.
As stated previously, the gas distribution assembly 300 generally consists of the annular body 340, the upper plate 320, and the lower plate 325. The lower plate 325 may be positioned within the first lower recess 303 with the raised cylindrical bodies facing toward the bottom surface of the upper plate 320, as shown in
The plurality of second apertures 365 and the plurality of third apertures 375 may form alternating staggered rows. The third apertures 375 may be arranged in between at least two of the second apertures 365 of the bottom plate 325. Between each second aperture 365 there may be a third aperture 375, which is evenly spaced between the two second apertures 365. There may also be a number of third apertures 375 positioned around the center of the bottom plate 325 in a hexagonal pattern, such as for example six third apertures, or a number of third apertures 375 forming another geometric shape. There may be no third aperture 375 formed in the center of the bottom plate 325. There may also be no third apertures 375 positioned between the perimeter second apertures 365 which form the vertices of the polygonal pattern of second apertures. Alternatively there may be third apertures 375 located between the perimeter second apertures 365, and there may also be additional third apertures 375 located outwardly from the perimeter second apertures 365 forming the outermost ring of apertures as shown, for example, in
Alternatively, the arrangement of the first and second apertures may make any other geometrical pattern, and may be distributed as rings of apertures located concentrically outward from each other and based on a centrally located position on the plate. As one example, and without limiting the scope of the technology,
The concentric rings of apertures may also not have one of the concentric rings of apertures, or may have one of the rings of apertures extending outward removed from between other rings. For example with reference to
The first, second, and third apertures 360, 365, 375 may all be adapted to allow the passage of fluid therethrough. The first and second apertures 360, 365 may have cylindrical shape and may, alternatively, have a varied cross-sectional shape including conical, cylindrical, or a combination of multiple shapes. In one example, as shown in
When all first and second apertures are of the same diameter, the flow of gas through the channels may not be uniform. As process gases flow into the processing chamber, the flow of gas may be such as to preferentially flow a greater volume of gas through certain channels. As such, certain of the apertures may be reduced in diameter from certain other apertures in order to redistribute the precursor flow as it is delivered into a first plasma region. The apertures may be selectively reduced in diameter due to their relative position, such as near a baffle, and as such, apertures located near the baffle may be reduced in diameter to reduce the flow of process gas through those apertures. In one example, as shown in
Referring again to
Turning to
Upper plate 320 may be coupled with annular body 340 at upper recess 303. First fluid channel 306 may be defined similar to first fluid channel 306 of
A second fluid channel 308b may be formed in the upper surface 315 of annular body 340, and may be configured to receive a fluid delivered through fluid delivery channel 322 as previously described. Second fluid channel 308b, however, may be located radially inward of the first upper recess 303 such that the second fluid channel 308b is covered by the upper plate 320. An outer wall of second fluid channel 308b may intersect a bottom portion of upper recess 303. A second plurality of ports 314 may be defined by a portion of the annular body forming an inner wall of the second fluid channel 308b and the outer wall of first fluid channel 306. The ports may provide fluid communication between the first and second fluid channels, and may be located similarly as described above. Upper plate 320 may be configured to limit warping at each interface of contact with the annular body 340. For example, upper plate 320 may have a first thickness in the central portion of the upper plate 320 where the apertures are located, and may be a second thickness greater than the first thickness at the edge portions of the plate. These edge portions may extend from the upper recess 303 over the second fluid channel 308b, the first fluid channel 306, and the inner annular wall 301. The increased thickness of the upper plate 320 at the edge regions may better absorb the stress produced during the coupling of the upper plate to the annular body, and thereby reduce warping.
A portion of upper plate 320 may extend a distance into the second fluid channel 308b. The portion of the upper plate may extend into the second channel below a level of the bottom of the upper recess 303. In disclosed embodiments, second fluid channel 308b is formed to a greater depth in the upper surface 315 than the first fluid channel 306. The portion of upper plate 320 extending into the second fluid channel 308b may extend to a depth equivalent to the depth of the first fluid channel 306 within the annular body 340. By having a portion of the upper plate extend into the second fluid channel 308b, warping that may occur in the upper plate when it is coupled with the annular body 340 may not produce any leak paths between the first and second fluid channels as the extent of warping may be overcome by the amount of the upper plate 320 that extends into the second fluid channel 308b. The second plurality of ports 314 may be defined similar to those of
A pair of isolation channels 324 may be formed in the gas distribution assembly in disclosed embodiments where at least a portion of the isolation channels are vertically aligned with the portion of the annular body forming the inner wall of the second fluid channel 308b and the inner wall of the first fluid channel 306. To produce this configuration, one of the pair of isolation channels may be defined in the upper plate at a location radially inward from the first upper recess. The other of the pair of isolation channels may be defined in the lower surface 310 of the annular body, and the pair of isolation channels may be vertically aligned with one another. In disclosed embodiments the pair of isolation channels may be in direct vertical alignment. In operation, the isolation channels may receive o-rings, for example, or other isolation devices. By providing the isolation channels at a location that is at least partially aligned with the shared wall of the first and second fluid channels, the compression produced at the isolation channels may be used to offset, reduce, or remove warping that may have occurred at the interface of the upper plate 320 and the annular body.
Referring to
Referring to
The upper and lower plates may be sealingly coupled with one another such that the first and second apertures are aligned to form a channel through the upper and lower plates with the raised portions of the lower plate such that an internal volume is defined between the upper and lower plate. The volume may be fluidly accessed through the plurality of ports 412. The assembly may be configured such that a first fluid may flow through the first apertures and extend through the assembly 400 through the isolated channels formed between the first and second apertures. Additionally, a second fluid may be flowed through the assembly via the first fluid channel 406 and delivered into the volume defined between the upper and lower plates. The fluid flowing through the volume may flow through the third apertures and around the raised portions of the lower plate such that the first and second fluid may be fluidly isolated through the showerhead, and remain separated until they exit the lower plate through the second and third apertures respectively.
The first apertures 460 may be shaped to suppress the migration of ionically-charged species out of the first plasma region 215 described previously, while allowing uncharged neutral or radical species to pass through the showerhead 225, or gas distribution assembly 400. These uncharged species may include highly reactive species that are transported with less reactive carrier gas through the holes. As noted above, the migration of ionic species through the holes may be reduced, and in some instances completely suppressed. Controlling the amount of ionic species passing through the gas distribution assembly 400 may provide increased control over the gas mixture brought into contact with the underlying wafer substrate, which in turn increases control of the deposition and/or etch characteristics of the gas mixture. Accordingly, in disclosed embodiments, the first apertures may include a conical shape extending through the upper plate with decreasing diameter in order to control fluid characteristics. This upper plate may specifically act as an ion-supression plate or ion blocker such that a configuration effectively combines ion-suppression directly into the showerhead design, and an additional suppression element may not be additionally required.
Each first aperture 460 may have a conical inlet portion tapering to a first cylindrical portion that intersects second apertures 465. The second apertures may include multiple sections of various shapes to further affect fluid flow through the channels formed between the first and second apertures. In an exemplary design, the second apertures 465 may include multiple cylindrical sections of increasing diameter leading to a conical section extending with increasing diameter to the bottom of the lower plate 425. Third apertures 475 may similarly include multiple sections of various shapes, and in an exemplary configuration the third apertures 475 may include multiple cylindrical sections of decreasing diameter leading to a conical section extending with increasing diameter to the bottom of the lower plate 425. In disclosed embodiments, the second and third apertures include at least three sections of different shape or diameter.
For ion-suppression assemblies such as exemplary configuration assembly 400, the number of apertures may be greater than the number of apertures in configurations such as exemplary assemblies of
Referring back to
The portion of the lower plate 425 may extend into the second channel above a level of the top of the lower recess 402. In disclosed embodiments, second fluid channel 408 is formed to a greater height in the lower surface 410 than the first fluid channel 406. The portion of lower plate 425 extending into the second fluid channel 408 may extend to a height equivalent to the height of the first fluid channel 406 or less within the annular body 440, or to a height equivalent to about half of the height of first fluid channel 406. As explained above, a portion of the lower plate extending into the second fluid channel 408 may limit the effects of warping that may occur in the lower plate when it is coupled with the annular body 440. The second plurality of ports 414 may be defined similar to those of
The second plurality of ports 414 may be formed at an angle decreasing vertically between the second fluid channel 408 and the first fluid channel 406. By forming the ports at an angle, the ports may not be blocked by the portion of the lower plate extending into the second fluid channel 408. In disclosed embodiments the second plurality of ports 414 may be slots of various shapes or dimensions formed in the annular body, and may be angled downward from the second fluid channel 408 to the first fluid channel 406 such that the ports are fluidly accessible above the portion of the lower plate extending into the second fluid channel 408. In operation, a fluid may be delivered through the gas distribution assembly 400 through a side port in the chamber, for example, fluid delivery channel 422. The fluid may flow into second fluid channel 408 and then through the second plurality of ports 414 that may fluidly couple the second fluid channel 408 with the first fluid channel 406. The fluid may then flow through the first plurality of ports 412 that may fluidly couple the first fluid channel 406 with the volume defined between the upper plate 420 and lower plate 425. The fluid may continue to flow through third apertures 475 into the processing region. In this configuration, such a fluid may be fluidly isolated from the first and second apertures that form channels through the gas distribution assembly. In this way, the distribution assembly may prevent the flow of this fluid from accessing the first apertures, and may prevent the fluid from flowing through the top of the gas distribution assembly without a pressure differential or forced flow.
In operation, the gas distribution assembly may be configured such that two fluids may be delivered into the showerhead from the side, but maintained fluidly separate in two fluidly isolated volumes produced in the assembly. A first fluid may be delivered from above the gas distribution assembly 500 and may include radical species produced in an RPS or first plasma region, for example. The first fluid may flow through the first plurality of fluid channels 561 that may be individually isolated and may not be accessed from within the assembly volumes. A second fluid may be introduced into the showerhead from a side port or first delivery channel that delivers the second fluid between the upper plate 520 and intermediate plate 530. The second fluid may flow within this first defined volume and through the second plurality of fluid channels. These channels may also be fluidly isolated from the other channels formed through the assembly. A third fluid may be introduced into the showerhead from an additional side port or second delivery channel that delivers the third fluid between the intermediate plate 530 and lower plate 525. The third fluid may flow within this second defined volume and through the third plurality of fluid channels, which may be fluidly isolated from the other channels formed through the assembly. The additional side port or second delivery channel, as well as the second defined volume, may be fluidly isolated from the first delivery channel and first defined volume. In this way, three fluids may be delivered to a processing region through a single gas distribution assembly, but may be separated until they each exit the gas distribution assembly and enter the processing region.
Although a variety of aperture configurations are encompassed by the disclosed technology,
As shown in
As shown in
In the preceding description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous details have been set forth in order to provide an understanding of various embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art, however, that certain embodiments may be practiced without some of these details, or with additional details.
Having disclosed several embodiments, it will be recognized by those of skill in the art that various modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents may be used without departing from the spirit of the disclosed embodiments. Additionally, a number of well-known processes and elements have not been described in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. Accordingly, the above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to the smallest fraction of the unit of the lower limit, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lower limits of that range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed. The upper and lower limits of those smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range, and each range where either, neither, or both limits are included in the smaller ranges is also encompassed within the invention, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included.
As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “an aperture” includes a plurality of such apertures, and reference to “the plate” includes reference to one or more plates and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth.
Also, the words “comprise(s)”, “comprising”, “contain(s)”, “containing”, “include(s)”, and “including”, when used in this specification and in the following claims, are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, components, steps, acts, or groups.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/581,357, filed Apr. 28, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/853,838, filed Sep. 14, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,978,564, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/799,840, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,132,436, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/704,257, filed Sep. 21, 2012. The entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61704257 | Sep 2012 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13799840 | Mar 2013 | US |
| Child | 14853838 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15581357 | Apr 2017 | US |
| Child | 16511990 | US | |
| Parent | 14853838 | Sep 2015 | US |
| Child | 15581357 | US |
