Patent Application
20120267340
The present application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-061216 filed with the Japanese Patent Office on Mar. 18, 2011, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a film deposition method and a film deposition apparatus that deposits a silicon oxide film on a substrate with a pattern including a concave part formed thereon.
2. Description of the Related Art
A fabrication method of an integrated circuit (IC) includes a step to fill a space of a line-and-space pattern with, for example, silicon oxide. Along with advancement in degree of integration of ICs, a width of the space of the space-and-line pattern has now been reduced to, for example, about 30 nm. In order to fill such a space with silicon oxide by using, for example, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, the silicon film is likely to be thicker in an upper part of an inner side wall of the space, because it is difficult for precursors to proceed further into a bottom of the space. As a result, a void may be caused in the silicon oxide filling in the space. In this case, when the silicon oxide is etched in the subsequent process step, an opening may be formed in the upper part of the silicon oxide, so that the opening is in communication with the void. If this happens, an etching agent used in the etching process step may flow into the void through the opening, so that the etching agent having flowed into the void may cause contamination in subsequent processes. Alternatively, in a subsequent metallization step, metal may enter the void through the opening in the silicon oxide, so that the metal causes defects.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-73773.
In order to solve such problems, an attempt has been made by performing a film deposition and a sputter etching at the same time in accordance with a high density (HDP)-CVD method, thereby improving a filling characteristic. However, while the HDP-CVD method can be carried out in a single-wafer type CVD apparatus, a sufficient uniformity cannot be obtained in a batch type CVD apparatus that is advantageous in terms of throughput.
The present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides a batch-type film deposition apparatus and a film deposition method that are capable of realizing an improved filling characteristic.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a film deposition method comprising steps of loading plural substrates each of which includes a pattern including a concave part in a reaction chamber in the form of shelves; depositing a silicon oxide film on the plural substrates by supplying a silicon-containing gas and an oxygen-containing gas to the reaction chamber; etching the silicon oxide film deposited on the plural substrates in the step of depositing by supplying a fluorine-containing gas and an ammonia gas to the reaction chamber; and alternately repeating the step of depositing and the step of etching.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a film deposition apparatus including a substrate supporting member that supports plural substrates each of which includes a pattern including a concave part in a reaction chamber in the form of shelves; a reaction chamber that has a cylindrical shape with a closed top and an open bottom, the reaction chamber accommodating the substrate supporting member; a silicon-containing gas supplying part that supplies a silicon-containing gas to the plural substrates supported by the substrate supporting member; an oxygen-containing gas supplying part that supplies an oxygen-containing gas to the plural substrates supported by the substrate supporting member; a fluorine-containing gas supplying part that supplies a fluorine-containing gas to the plural substrates supported by the substrate supporting member; an ammonia gas supplying part that supplies an ammonia gas to the plural substrates supported by the substrate supporting member; and a controlling part that controls the silicon-containing gas supplying part, the oxygen-containing gas supplying part, the fluorine-containing gas supplying part, and the ammonia-containing gas supplying part so that a silicon oxide film is deposited on the plural substrates by supplying the silicon-containing gas and the oxygen-containing gas to the reaction chamber, and the silicon oxide film deposited on the plural substrates is etched by supplying the fluorine-containing gas and the ammonia gas to the reaction chamber.
Non-limiting, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding reference symbols are given to the same or corresponding members or components. It is to be noted that the drawings are illustrative of the invention, and there is no intention to indicate scale or relative proportions among the members or components, or between thicknesses of various layers. Therefore, the specific thickness or size should be determined by a person having ordinary skill in the art in view of the following non-limiting embodiments.
(First Embodiment)
Referring to
The manifold 3 includes plural through-holes that are formed on a side wall of the manifold 3, and plural pipes are connected to the corresponding through-holes, thereby supplying corresponding gases. A lid part 9 that opens or closes a bottom opening of the manifold 3 and is made of, for example, stainless steel is coupled to the bottom part of the manifold 3 via a sealing member 12 made of, for example, an O-ring. The lid part 9 has a hole in the center, and a rotational shaft 10 goes through the center opening of the lid part 9 in an air-tight manner. A table 8 is attached on a top end part of the rotational shaft 10, and a wafer boat 5 is provided on the top end part of the rotational shaft 10 via a heat retaining cylinder 7 made of, for example, quartz glass. The wafer boat 5 has three pillars 6 (see
A bottom of the rotational shaft 5 is attached to an arm 13 that is elevatably supported by an elevation mechanism (not shown). Due to upward or downward movement of the arm 13, the wafer boat 5 is transferred into or out from the process chamber 1.
Incidentally, a magnetic fluid seal 11 is provided between the rotational shaft 10 and the opening of the lid part 9, thereby isolating the process chamber 1 from an outer environment.
In addition, the film deposition apparatus 80 is provided with an oxygen-containing gas supplying mechanism 14 that supplies an oxygen-containing gas to the process chamber 1, a silicon-containing gas supplying mechanism 15, a fluorinate acid (HF) gas supplying mechanism 210 that supplies a HF gas to the process chamber 1, and an ammonia (NH3) gas supplying mechanism 240 that supplies an NH3 gas to the process chamber 1. The oxygen-containing gas supplying mechanism 14 and the silicon-containing gas mechanism 15 are used to deposit a silicon oxide film on the wafers W within the process chamber 1, and the HF gas supplying mechanism 210 and the NH3 gas supplying mechanism 240 are used to etch (a part of) the silicon oxide film deposited on the wafers W.
The oxygen-containing gas supplying mechanism 14 includes a oxygen-containing gas supplying source 17, a oxygen-containing gas supplying pipe 17L that guides the oxygen-containing gas from the oxygen-containing gas supplying source 17, and an oxygen-containing gas distribution nozzle 19. The oxygen-containing gas distribution nozzle 19 is connected to the oxygen-containing gas supplying pipe 17L, passes through the manifold 3, and is bent upward within the process chamber 1. The oxygen-containing gas distribution nozzle 19 is made of, for example, quartz glass. Plural gas ejection holes 19a are formed at predetermined intervals in a vertically extending part of the oxygen-containing gas distribution nozzle 19, so that the oxygen-containing gas is uniformly ejected in a horizontal direction from each of the plural gas ejection holes 19a.
In addition, the oxygen-containing gas supplying pipe 17L is provided with an open/close valve 17a and a flow rate controller 17b that controls a flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas. With these, the start/stop of supplying the oxygen-containing gas and the flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas are controlled.
The silicon-containing gas supplying mechanism 15 includes a silicon-containing gas source 20, a silicon-containing gas supplying pipe 20L that guides the silicon-containing gas from the silicon-containing gas supplying source 20, and a silicon-containing gas distribution nozzle 22. The silicon-containing gas distribution nozzle 22 is connected to the silicon-containing gas supplying pipe 20L, passes through the manifold 3, and is bent upward within the process chamber 1 to extend in a vertical direction. The silicon-containing gas distribution nozzle 22 is made of, for example, quartz glass. Referring to
In addition, the silicon-containing gas supplying pipe 20L is provided with an open/close valve 20a, a flow rate controller 20b, a buffer tank 180, and an open/close valve 20c. For example, when the open/close valve 20a is opened while the open/close valve 20c is closed and the silicon-containing gas is supplied from the silicon-containing gas supplying source 20, the silicon-containing gas is temporarily retained in the buffer tank 180. Then, when the open/close valve 20a is closed and the open/close valve 20c is opened, a predetermined amount of the silicon-containing gas retained in the buffer tank can be supplied to the process chamber 1. With the open/close valves 20b, 20c, and the flow rate controller 20b, the start/stop of supplying the oxygen-containing gas and the flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas are controlled.
The HF gas supplying mechanism 210 includes an HF gas source 21, an HF gas supplying pipe 21L that is connected to HF gas supplying source 21 and guides the HF gas from the HF gas supplying source 21, and an HF gas distribution nozzle 45. The HF gas distribution nozzle 45 is connected to the HF gas supplying pipe 21L, passes through the manifold 3, and is bent upward within the process chamber 1 to extend in a vertical direction. The HF gas distribution nozzle 45 is made of, for example, a ceramic material. Plural gas ejection holes 45a are formed at predetermined intervals in a vertically extending part of each of the HF gas distribution nozzles 45, as shown in
In addition, the HF gas supplying pipe 21L is provided, with an open/close valve 21a and a flow rate controller 21b that controls a flow rate of the HF gas. With these, the start/stop of supplying the HF gas and the flow rate of the HF gas are controlled.
The NH3 gas supplying mechanism 240 includes an NH3 gas supplying source 24, an NH3 gas supplying pipe 24L that is connected to the NH3 gas supplying source 24 and guides the NH3 gas from the NH3 gas supplying source 24, and an NH3 gas distribution nozzle 46. The NH3 gas distribution nozzle 46 is connected to the NH3 gas supplying pipe 24L, passes through the manifold 3, and is bent upward within the process chamber 1. The NH3 gas distribution nozzle 46 is made of, for example, quartz glass. Plural gas ejection holes 46a are formed at predetermined intervals in a vertically extending part of the NH3 gas distribution nozzle 46, so that the NH3 gas is uniformly ejected in a horizontal direction from each of the plural gas ejection holes 46a.
In addition, the NH3 gas supplying pipe 24L is provided with an open/close valve 24a and a flow rate controller 24b that controls a flow rate of the NH3 gas. With these, the start/stop of supplying the NH3 gas and the flow rate of the NH3 gas are controlled.
A plasma generation mechanism 30 is formed in a part of the circumferential wall of the process chamber 1. The plasma generation mechanism 30 includes an opening 31 that is made in the circumferential wall of the process chamber 1 and has the shape of a vertically oblong rectangle, and a plasma partitioning wall 32 that is welded to cover the opening 31 from the outside. Specifically, the plasma partitioning wall 32 has a box shape that has a vertical length sufficient to cover the opening 31, and is made of, for example, quartz glass. Because of the plasma partitioning wall 32, it appears that a part of the circumferential wall of the process chamber 1 is indented outward. An inner space of the plasma partitioning wall 32 communicates with an inner space of the process chamber 1. In addition, the opening 31 is long enough in a vertical direction to span from the lowest wafer W to the highest wafer W loaded in the wafer boat 5.
In addition, the plasma generation mechanism 30 includes a pair of plasma electrodes 33, 33 and a high frequency power source 35 that supplies high frequency power to the plasma electrodes 33, 33 via a feed line 34. One of the plasma electrodes 33, 33 extends in a vertical direction near one of outer side surfaces of the plasma partitioning wall 32, and the other one of the plasma electrodes 33, 33 extends in a vertical direction near the other one of the outer side surfaces of the plasma partitioning wall 32, so that the plasma electrodes 33, 33 oppose each other across the plasma portioning wall 32. When electric power at a frequency of 13.56 MHz is applied from the high frequency power source 35 to the plasma electrodes 33, 33, plasma is generated within the plasma partitioning wall 32. Incidentally, the frequency of the electric power is not limited to 13.56 MHz, but may be 400 kHz, for example.
Incidentally, as shown in
An insulating protection cover 36 is attached on the outer surface of the plasma partitioning wall 32, so that the plasma partitioning wall 32 and the plasma electrodes 33, 33 are covered by the insulating protection cover 36. In addition, a cooling fluid conduit (not shown) is formed in the inside of the insulating protection cover 36. When cooled nitrogen gas is supplied to the cooling fluid conduit, the plasma electrodes 33, 33 can be cooled.
The two silicon-containing gas distribution nozzles 22 vertically extend one on one side of the opening 31 and the other on the other side of the opening 31 of the process chamber 1. The two silicon-containing gas distribution nozzles 22 eject the silicon-containing gas toward a center part of the process chamber 1 from the plural ejection holes 22a of the corresponding silicon-containing gas distribution nozzles 22.
Incidentally, as the silicon-containing gas, dichlorosilane (DCS), hexachlorodisilane (HCD), monosilane (SiH4), disilane (Si2H6), hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), tetrachlorosilane (TCS), disilylamine (DSA), trisilylamine (TSA), bis (tertiary-butylamino) silane (BTBAS), diisopropylaminosilane (DIPAS) or the like may be used. In addition, as the oxygen-containing gas, nitrogen monoxide (N2O) gas, oxygen (O2) gas, ozone (O3) gas or the like may be used.
An evacuation opening 37 for evacuating the process chamber 1 is provided on the other side of the opening 31 in the process chamber 1. The evacuation opening 37 has a vertically oblong rectangular shape in this embodiment, and is formed by removing a part of the circumferential wall of the process chamber 1. As shown in
In addition, a heating unit 40 having a cylindrical shape is provided in order to surround the process chamber 1, as shown in
The film deposition apparatus 80 is provided with a controller 50 including a microprocessor (or computer) that controls operations of the film deposition apparatus 80. For example, the controller 50 controls on/off operations of the open/close valves 17a, 20a, 20c, 21a and 24a, thereby controlling starting/stopping the gases; controls the flow rate controllers 17b, 20b, 21b, and 24b, thereby adjusting flow rates of the gases; and controls the high frequency power supply 35. In addition, the controller 50 controls the heating unit 40, thereby heating the wafers W at a predetermined temperature. The controller 50 is connected to a user interface 51 composed of a keyboard (not shown) through which an operator can input process parameters or commands and a display (not shown) that may illustrate process situations.
In addition, the controller 50 is connected to a memory part 52 that stores programs or recipes for the controller 50 to cause the film deposition apparatus 80 to carry out various treatments with respect to the wafers W. The programs include a film deposition program by which a film deposition method (described later) is carried out by the film deposition apparatus 80 under control of the controller 50. In addition, the programs are stored in a computer readable storage medium 52a and downloaded to the memory part 52. The computer readable storage medium 52a may be a hard disk, a semiconductor memory, a compact disk—read only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a flash memory or the like. In addition, the programs may be downloaded to the memory part 52 from another apparatus through, for example, a dedicated network.
When necessary, an arbitrary program is read out from the memory part 52 in response to instructions from the user interface 51, and is executed by the controller 50, so that a corresponding treatment is carried out under control of the controller 50. When the film deposition program is carried out, the controller 50 serves as a controlling unit that controls the components and parts of the film deposition apparatus 80, thereby carrying out the film deposition method.
(Second Embodiment)
Next, a film deposition method according to a second embodiment of the present invention is explained with reference to
Referring to Section (a) of
First, the wafers W, each of which has the pattern shown in Section (a) of
Next, a silicon oxide film is deposited on the wafer W at Step S1 (
On the other hand, the open/close valves 20a, 20c of the silicon-containing gas supplying pipe 20L are opened, and thus the DCS gas filling the silicon-containing gas source 20 is supplied at a flow rate controlled by the flow rate controller 20b to the silicon-containing gas dispersion nozzle 22 and then ejected from the plural gas ejection holes 22a toward the wafers W. The DCS gas and the N2O gas react with each other near the upper surfaces of the wafers W, and thus a silicon oxide film 61 is deposited on the wafer W in order to cover the line-and-space pattern as shown in
Section (b) of
Next, a temperature of the wafers W is changed to, for example, 25° C. through 300° C. by controlling the heating unit 40 at a condition changing step S2 (
An upper surface layer of the oxide film 61 deposited on the wafer W react with the HF gas and the NH3 gas and altered into an ammonium fluorosilicate ((NH4)2SiF6). Ammonium can be sublimated at a temperature of about 130° C. or more, and thus the silicon oxide film 61 is etched to became thinner, as shown in Section (c) of
Next, the open/close valves 21a, 24a are closed thereby terminating supplying the HF gas and the NH3 gas; the process chamber 1 is evacuated to a lowest reachable pressure; and the heating unit 40 is adjusted, in order to change the temperature of the wafers W to the film deposition temperature (a condition changing step S4). After the temperature has been stabilized at the film deposition temperature, the film deposition step S1 is carried out again. At this time, the over hang shape is not likely to be formed, as shown in Section (d) of
Then, the condition changing step S2, the COR step S3, the condition changing step S4, and the film deposition step S1 are repeated in this order. Namely, the upper end part of the silicon oxide film 61 deposited on the side walls of the line L is etched at a higher etching rate, thereby making a cross-sectional shape of the silicon oxide film in the space S be substantially a V-shape, as shown in Section (e) of
In such a manner, the film deposition step S1, the condition changing step S2, the COR step S3, and the condition changing step S4 are repeated until a thickness of the silicon oxide film 61 on the wafer W (or a thickness of the silicon oxide film 61 on the line L) becomes a predetermined thickness. As a result, the space S is filled with the silicon oxide film 61, as shown in Section (f) of
As described above, according to the film deposition method of this embodiment, a film deposition of the silicon oxide film 61 using the DCS gas serving as the silicon-containing gas and the N2O gas serving as the oxygen-containing gas (film deposition step S1), and the etching of the silicon oxide film 61 using the HF gas and the NH3 gas (COR step S3) are alternately repeated in the same process chamber 1. In the COR step S3, the etching rate is higher in the upper end part of the side walls of the line L than the bottom of the space S, so that the opening defined by the silicon oxide film 61 in the space S becomes wider toward the top of the space S. Therefore, the space S is filled with the silicon oxide from the bottom (or in a bottom-up manner), without leaving voids in the filled space S. If the COR step S3 is not carried out and the film deposition step S1 continues to be carried out using the DCS gas and the N2O gas, the over hang part H grows as shown in Sections (a) through (c) of
(Third Embodiment)
Next, a film deposition method according to a third embodiment of the present invention is explained with reference to
First, the wafers W having the line-and-space pattern shown in Section (a) of
Next, when the open/close valve 20c is opened while the open/close valve 20a is kept closed, the BTBAS gas retained in the buffer tank 180 is supplied to the process chamber 1 through the silicon-containing gas supplying pipe 20L and the silicon-containing gas dispersion nozzle 22. With this, the BTBAS gas is adsorbed on the upper surfaces of the wafers W. Subsequently, when the open/close valve 20c is closed and then the open/close valve 17a of the oxygen-containing gas pipe 17L is opened, the O2 gas is supplied at a flow rate controlled by the flow rate controller 17b to the process chamber 1 through the oxygen-containing gas pipe 17L and the oxygen-containing gas dispersion nozzle 19. Here, high frequency power is applied to the electrodes 33, 33 from the high frequency power source 35 of the plasma generation mechanism 30, thereby generating plasma from the O2 gas. Thus, the O2 plasma, which includes oxygen radicals, oxygen ions, or the like, is supplied to the wafers W. With this, the BTBAS gas adsorbed on the wafers W is oxidized, so that one or more layers of molecules of silicon oxide (the silicon oxide film 61) are deposited. Next, adsorption of the BTBAS gas onto the upper surfaces of the wafers W and oxidation of the BTBAS gas with the O2 plasma are repeated a predetermined number of times, thereby depositing the silicon oxide film 61 having a predetermined thickness, as shown in Section (b) of
Next, the condition changing step S2 and then the COR step S3 are carried out in the same manner as in the second embodiment. With these steps, the silicon oxide film 61 is etched at a higher etching rate in the upper end parts of the side walls and the upper surfaces of the lines L than in the bottom parts of the spaces S. Therefore, the cross-sectional shape of the spaces S defined by the silicon oxide film 61 is opened wider toward the top. Incidentally, conditions in the COR step S3 may be determined in the same manner as described in the second embodiment.
Next, the condition changing step S4, the film deposition step S1, the condition changing step S2, and the COR step S3 are repeated, so that the silicon oxide film 61 becomes thicker, as shown in Sections (d) and (e) of
If the ALD of the silicon oxide film is carried out using the BTBAS gas and the O2 plasma without carrying out the COR step S3, a silicon oxide film 611 becomes thicker keeping the conformal cross-sectional shape, as shown in Sections (b) and (c) of
However, according to the film deposition apparatus of this embodiment, the spaces S defined by the silicon oxide film 61 become wider toward the tops of the spaces S to be substantially a V-shape in cross section by etching the silicon oxide film 61 using the HF gas and the NH3 gas in the COR step S3, as shown in Sections (c) and (e) of
While the present invention has been described in reference to the foregoing embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but may be modified or altered within the scope of the accompanying claims.
While the HTO method using the DCS gas and the N2O gas and the ALD method using the BTBAS gas and the O2 plasma are exemplified in the above embodiments, a film deposition method employed in the film deposition step S1 is not limited to these methods. For example, a film deposition method using monosilane gas and the N2O gas may be employed. Alternatively, a film deposition method using tetra-ethyl-ortho-silicate (TEOS) and ozone (O3) gas may be employed. In this case, an ozonizer may be provided in, for example, the silicon-containing gas supplying pipe 17L of the film deposition apparatus 80 in order to generate the O3 gas.
In addition, the silicon-containing gas and/or the oxygen-containing gas may be arbitrarily selected depending on the film deposition method employed. For example, as the oxygen-containing gas to be used in the ALD method, NO gas, N2O gas, H2O gas, or O3 gas may be used rather than the O2 gas. In addition, when the DIPAS gas serving as the silicon-containing gas and the O2 plasma serving as the oxygen-containing gas are used, the silicon oxide film can be deposited at a temperature from room temperature (for example, about 25° C.) to about 100° C. Moreover, when the DIPAS gas and the O3 gas are used, a film deposition temperature of the silicon oxide film is from about 20° C. to about 500° C.
In addition, while the HF gas and the NH3 gas are used in the COR step S3 in the above embodiments, NF3 gas may be used instead of the HF gas in other embodiments. When the NF3 gas is used, a temperature of the wafer W needs to be about 600° C. in the COR step S3. On the other hand, a temperature of the wafer W may be about 700° to about 850° C. in the film deposition step S1 in the case of the HTO using the DCS gas and the N2O gas in the film deposition method S1. Therefore, a temperature difference adjusted in the condition changing steps S2, S4 can be reduced in the case of the HTO using the DCS gas and the N2O gas, which can reduce a time period required for the condition changing steps S2, S4, thereby improving a production throughput.
On the contrary, a temperature of the wafer W is about 25° C. to about 300° C. when the HF gas and the NH3 gas are used in the COR step S3. Therefore, the BTBAS gas and the O2 plasma (or the DIPAS gas and the O2 plasma) are preferably used in the case of using the HF gas and the NH3 gas in the COR step S3, because use of such gases enables the silicon oxide film to be at a temperature close to the COR temperature. Incidentally, when the HF gas and the NH3 gas are used in the COR step S3, temperatures of the wafer W in the COR step S3 and the film deposition step S1 are preferably set so that the ammonium fluorosilicate is sublimated where a temperature of the wafer W is increased in the condition changing step S4 after the COR step S3. Namely, a temperature of the wafer W is preferably set to be lower than a sublimation temperature of the ammonium fluorosilicate (130° C.) in the COR step S3 and higher than the sublimation temperature in the film deposition step S1.
In addition, while the above embodiments describe a case where the spaces of the line-and-space pattern are filled with silicon oxide without forming voids, holes formed in the wafer W may be filled with silicon oxide according to the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011-061216 | Mar 2011 | JP | national |
