Patent Application
20220230920
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate and, more particularly, to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate on which a nitride semiconductor layer is formed.
As a high-output semiconductor element, a field effect transistor using a nitride semiconductor, for example, a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is known. Such a semiconductor element shows significant deterioration in operating characteristics and reliability due to a temperature rise during a high-output operation. Therefore, in order to suppress the temperature rise of the semiconductor element, it often employs a configuration in which a material having high heat dissipation is provided in the vicinity of a heat generating part to dissipate heat. In particular, diamond is a material having the highest thermal conductivity among solid substances, and has properties suitable as a heat dissipation material. Therefore, for example, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for improving heat dissipation of a semiconductor element due to a structure in which a nitride semiconductor layer is formed on diamond.
As a technique of manufacturing the nitride semiconductor layer, a technique of forming a nitride semiconductor layer on a substrate composed of silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), sapphire (Al2O3) or the like by heteroepitaxial growth has been established, and is widely used as a part of the technique of manufacturing the nitride semiconductor element.
On the other hand, a technique of directly forming a nitride semiconductor layer on a diamond substrate by the heteroepitaxial growth is still under study, and a method for manufacturing the nitride semiconductor layer has not been established. Therefore, as an example of the technique of forming a semiconductor layer on the diamond substrate, a method of bonding and integrating a semiconductor layer and a diamond substrate is disclosed in, for example, Non-Patent Document 2.
In addition, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of bonding a first support substrate to a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate using a resin adhesive layer, then polishing the SOI substrate to reduce the thickness, then bonding the thinned semiconductor substrate and a second support substrate, such as a sapphire substrate, using a low-melting-point glass film, and finally removing the first support substrate to form a semiconductor element on the second support substrate.
In general, because a semiconductor layer formed on a growth substrate by epitaxial growth has an extremely thin film thickness of about several μm, it is impossible to perform a step of separating the semiconductor layer from the growth substrate and then bonding the semiconductor layer onto another substrate. Non-Patent Document 2 discloses a technique in which, in order to temporarily hold a nitride semiconductor layer formed on a growth substrate, a support substrate is bonded to the nitride semiconductor layer and then the growth substrate is removed, a diamond substrate is bonded onto a surface from which the growth substrate has been removed, and the support substrate is finally removed.
As a method of bonding the support substrate to the nitride semiconductor layer, the method of bonding using the resin adhesive layer as disclosed in Patent Document 1 can be adopted. However, in the nitride semiconductor layer formed by the heteroepitaxial growth on the substrate such as Si, SiC, or Al2O3, due to a difference in material between the growth substrate and the nitride semiconductor layer, coefficient of thermal expansion, lattice constant, and the like therebetween differ, which causes high internal stress. For this reason, due to the growth substrate that is thinned after the support substrate is bonded using the resin adhesive layer, there is a problem in which the internal stress of the nitride semiconductor layer is released, a crack is generated in the nitride semiconductor layer, and the operating characteristics of the semiconductor element finally formed in the nitride semiconductor layer are deteriorated.
The present invention has been made to solve the above problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate in which a crack is suppressed from being generated in a nitride semiconductor layer due to internal stress of the nitride semiconductor layer.
A method for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate includes: (a) preparing an epitaxial substrate formed by epitaxially growing a nitride semiconductor layer on a first main surface of a growth substrate being a nitride semiconductor substrate and preparing a first support substrate, forming a resin adhesive layer between the first main surface of the growth substrate and a first main surface of the first support substrate, and bonding the epitaxial substrate to the first support substrate; (b) removing, after the step (a), a second main surface of the growth substrate to a prescribed thickness to thin the growth substrate, the second main surface of the growth substrate being on a side opposite to the first main surface of the growth substrate on which the nitride semiconductor layer is formed; (c) forming, after the step (b), a first protective thin film layer from the second main surface of the thinned growth substrate to side surfaces of the resin adhesive layer; (d) forming, after the step (b), a second protective thin film layer from a second main surface of the first support substrate to the side surfaces of the resin adhesive layer, the second main surface of the first support substrate being on a side opposite to the first main surface of the first support substrate; (e) removing, after the steps (c) and (d), the thinned growth substrate and exposing the nitride semiconductor layer; (f) bonding, after the step (e), a second support substrate onto the nitride semiconductor layer; and (g) removing, after the step (f), the first support substrate and the resin adhesive layer.
According to the method for manufacturing the semiconductor substrate according to the present invention, because the growth substrate is removed in a state in which a bonding portion between the nitride semiconductor layer and the growth substrate in the vicinity of the substrate end edge portion, which is likely to be a base point of a crack, is protected by the first or second protective thin film layer, the occurrence of the crack due to the internal stress contained in the nitride semiconductor layer can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a semiconductor substrate in which the nitride semiconductor layer is provided on a heterogeneous substrate having high heat dissipation such as a diamond substrate.
Hereinafter, embodiments of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate according to the present invention are described with reference to the drawings. Note that the drawings are schematically illustrated, and interrelationships in sizes and positions between images illustrated in different drawings are not necessarily accurately described, and relationships and ratios of dimensions in the length direction, the depth direction, and the height direction are different from actual ones. In addition, in the following description, similar constituent elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and names and functions thereof are also similar. Thus, there is a case in which a detailed description thereof is omitted.
Next, a method for manufacturing the semiconductor substrate 100 is described with reference to
In the first step, first, an epitaxial substrate ES is prepared, in which the heteroepitaxially-grown nitride semiconductor layer 2 is formed on a main surface of the growth substrate 1 being a nitride semiconductor substrate such as a gallium nitride (GaN) substrate.
Thereafter, a support substrate BS (first support substrate) selected from among a glass substrate, a sapphire substrate, an Si substrate, an SiC substrate, and the like is prepared, and the epitaxial substrate ES and the support substrate BS are bonded by a resin adhesive such that a main surface of the epitaxial substrate ES on a side on which the nitride semiconductor layer 2 is formed and a main surface (first main surface) for bonding of the support substrate BS face each other, whereby the epitaxial substrate ES and the support substrate BS are bonded by a resin adhesive layer AH.
As the resin adhesive, a known resin adhesive such as an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, a silicone resin, or a modified silicone resin can be used, and it is preferable to use a non-solvent-diluted adhesive in which curing proceeds by a chemical reaction. For example, the acrylic resin, the epoxy resin, the silicone resin, or the like is preferred.
After the bonding, a curing treatment is performed for the purpose of improving the mechanical strength of the resin adhesive layer AH. As the curing conditions, any condition can be used depending on the resin adhesive layer AH to be used. For example, a heating treatment is performed for six hours in an air blowing drying furnace at 70° C.
Because the role of the support substrate BS is to support the nitride semiconductor layer 2 in subsequent steps, the support substrate BS is not limited to the substrate described above, and any material can be used as long as the support substrate withstands the steps from the viewpoint of heat resistance, mechanical strength, and resistance to a chemical solution used in the manufacturing steps.
In the second step, as shown in
If the thickness of the growth substrate 1 after this step is performed is larger than the above range, a process time in a fifth step to be performed later becomes longer, and the manufacturing cost of the semiconductor substrate 100 increases. On the other hand, if the thickness of the growth substrate 1 after this step is performed is smaller than the above range, the stress inside the nitride semiconductor layer 2 is released, and there is a possibility of a crack occurring.
In the third step, as shown in
As a method for forming the protective thin film layer PF1, a known thin film method can be used such as a plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, a sputtering method, an atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) method, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method, a catalytic CVD method which is a low-temperature thin film deposition method not using plasma, and a solution growth method, and any of these is suitable for forming the protective thin film layer PF1. However, the atomic layer deposition method is preferred from the viewpoint of compactness of the growth film and covering properties of the side surfaces of the substrate.
A heating temperature at the time of film formation in the case of forming the protective thin film layer PF1 by these forming methods is desirably less than the glass transition temperature that does not exceed the glass transition temperature of resin as the main component of the resin adhesive layer AH. In the case of the heating temperature at the time of film formation being higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin as the main component of the adhesive layer AH, there is a possibility that the effect as an adhesive layer for bonding the support substrate BS to the epitaxial substrate ES is significantly impaired by mechanical properties of the resin adhesive layer AH being significantly deteriorated or the thermal decomposition reaction proceeding.
In the fourth step, as shown in
In the fifth step, as illustrated in
In the sixth step, as shown in
By removing the resin adhesive layer AH and the support substrate BS, the protective thin film layers PF1 and PF2 covering the side surfaces and the bottom surfaces thereof are removed, and the protective thin film layer PF1 remains on the support substrate 10 at a portion around the nitride semiconductor layer 2. The protective thin film layer PF1 may be left as it is, but, in the case of removing the same, a method of immersing the protective thin film layer PF1 in a dissolvable solution is exemplified. In the case of selecting silicon nitride as the material of the protective thin film layer PF1, a phosphoric acid-based solution can be used. Note that the semiconductor substrate 100 shown in
Before the support substrate BS is removed in the seventh step, the protective thin film layers PF1 and PF2 may be removed by chemical treatment. Examples of the method for removing the protective thin film layers PF1 and PF2 include a method in which the protective thin film layers PF1 and PF2 are immersed in a dissolvable solution. In the case of selecting silicon nitride as the material of the protective thin film layers PF1 and PF2, a phosphoric acid-based solution, an aqueous solution containing hydrofluoric acid, or the like can be used for the removal.
In the semiconductor substrate 100 manufactured by the manufacturing method of the first embodiment described above, as described with reference to
By forming a light emitting element, a power amplifying element, and the like on the nitride semiconductor layer 2 of the semiconductor substrate 100 using a known manufacturing process, an increase in heat generation of each element can be suppressed, and as a result, a nitride semiconductor element with improved operation characteristics and reliability can be obtained.
A semiconductor device 200 shown in
The nitride semiconductor layer 2 is a semiconductor layer formed by heteroepitaxial growth on a growth substrate different from the support substrate 10, and is transferred onto the support substrate 10 in a state of maintaining a crystal plane developed during the heteroepitaxial growth as it is. Thus, the nitride semiconductor element 11 formed on the nitride semiconductor layer 2 is a high-quality semiconductor element.
Next, a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device 200 is described with reference to
In the present embodiment, an HEMT is formed as the nitride semiconductor element 11 formed on the nitride semiconductor layer 2. A known manufacturing method can be used for forming the HEMT. For example, the HEMT can be formed using a manufacturing process described in the Journal of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers C (Vol. J86-C, No. 4, pp. 396-403, April 2003). The method for manufacturing the HEMT is not limited thereto, and a semiconductor element other than the HEMT may be formed as the nitride semiconductor element 11.
In the first step, an epitaxial substrate ES on which the nitride semiconductor elements 11 are formed and a support substrate BS (first support substrate) selected from among a glass substrate, a sapphire substrate, an Si substrate, an SiC substrate, and the like are prepared, and the epitaxial substrate ES and the support substrate BS are bonded by a resin adhesive such that a main surface of the epitaxial substrate ES on a side on which the nitride semiconductor elements 11 are formed and a main surface for bonding of the support substrate BS face each other, whereby the epitaxial substrate ES and the support substrate BS are bonded by a resin adhesive layer AH.
As the resin adhesive, a known resin adhesive such as an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, a silicone resin, or a modified silicone resin can be used, and an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, a silicone resin, or the like is preferred.
After the bonding, a curing treatment is performed for the purpose of improving the mechanical strength of the resin adhesive layer AH. As the curing conditions, any condition can be used depending on the resin adhesive layer AH to be used. For example, a heating treatment is performed for six hours in an air blowing drying furnace at 70° C.
Because the role of the support substrate BS is to support the nitride semiconductor layer 2 in subsequent steps, the support substrate BS is not limited to the substrate described above, and any material can be used as long as the support substrate withstands the steps from the viewpoint of heat resistance, mechanical strength, and resistance to a chemical solution used in the manufacturing steps.
In the second step, as shown in
If the thickness of the growth substrate 1 after this step is performed is larger than the above range, a process time in a fifth step to be performed later becomes longer, and the manufacturing cost of the semiconductor device 200 increases. On the other hand, if the thickness of the growth substrate 1 after this step is performed is smaller than the above range, the stress inside the nitride semiconductor layer 2 is released, and there is a possibility of a crack occurring.
In the third step, as shown in
As a method for forming the protective thin film layer PF1, a known thin film method can be used such as a plasma CVD method, a sputtering method, an ALE method, an ALD method, a catalytic CVD method, and a solution growth method, and any of these is suitable for forming the protective thin film layer PF1. From the viewpoint of compactness of the growth film and covering properties of the side surfaces of the substrate, the ALD method is preferred.
A heating temperature at the time of film formation in the case of forming the protective thin film layer PF1 by these forming methods is desirably a temperature that does not exceed the glass transition temperature of resin as the main component of the resin adhesive layer AH. In the case of the heating temperature at the time of film formation being higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin as the main component of the adhesive layer AH, there is a possibility that the effect as an adhesive layer for bonding the support substrate BS to the epitaxial substrate ES is significantly impaired by mechanical properties of the resin adhesive layer AH being significantly deteriorated or the thermal decomposition reaction proceeding.
In the fourth step, as shown in
In the fifth step, as shown in
In the sixth step, as shown in
By removing the resin adhesive layer AH and the support substrate BS, the protective thin film layers PF1 and PF2 covering the side surfaces and the bottom surfaces thereof are removed, and the protective thin film layer PF1 remains on the support substrate 10 at a portion around the nitride semiconductor layer 2. The protective thin film layer PF1 may be left as it is, but, in the case of removing the same, a method of immersing the protective thin film layer PF1 in a dissolvable solution is exemplified. In the case of selecting silicon nitride as the material of the protective thin film layer PF1, the removal can be performed using a phosphoric acid-based solution, an aqueous solution containing hydrofluoric acid, or the like. Note that the semiconductor device 200 shown in
Before the support substrate BS is removed in the seventh step, the protective thin film layers PF1 and PF2 may be removed by chemical treatment.
In the semiconductor device 200 manufactured by the manufacturing method of the second embodiment described above, as described with reference to
In the first and second embodiments described above, the nitride semiconductor layer 2 is formed on the main surface of the growth substrate 1 by the heteroepitaxial growth. However, the nitride semiconductor layer 2 is not limited to a nitride semiconductor formed by the heteroepitaxial growth, and the nitride semiconductor layer 2 may be formed of a nitride semiconductor formed by homoepitaxial growth.
Although the present invention has been described in detail, the above description is illustrative in all aspects, and the present invention is not limited thereto. It is understood that countless variations that are not illustrated can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the present invention, each of the embodiments can be freely combined, and each of the embodiments can be appropriately modified and omitted, within the scope of the present invention.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2019/020424 | 5/23/2019 | WO | 00 |
