The present disclosure generally relates to semiconductor device assemblies, and more particularly relates to methods for bonding wafers of known good dies, and assemblies resulting from such methods.
Microelectronic devices generally have a die (i.e., a chip) that includes integrated circuitry with a high density of very small components. Typically, dies include an array of very small bond pads electrically coupled to the integrated circuitry. The bond pads are external electrical contacts through which the supply voltage, signals, etc., are transmitted to and from the integrated circuitry. After dies are formed, they are “packaged” to couple the bond pads to a larger array of electrical terminals that can be more easily coupled to the various power supply lines, signal lines, and ground lines. Conventional processes for packaging dies include electrically coupling the bond pads on the dies to an array of leads, ball pads, or other types of electrical terminals, and encapsulating the dies to protect them from environmental factors (e.g., moisture, particulates, static electricity, and physical impact).
The electronics industry relies upon continuous innovation in the field of semiconductor packaging to meet the global need for higher-functioning technology. This demand calls for increasingly complicated assemblies of semiconductor devices, which may diverge in terms of plan area, thickness, connection methodology, etc. One approach to accommodate the packaging of such varied devices into a single assembly is by bonding wafers into stacks, and then singulating the wafer stacks into discrete stacked assemblies.
An example of one such wafer stack 100 is illustrated in
Wafer stacks 100, however, have many disadvantages. One disadvantage of stacking wafers is the random distribution of bad dies 122 across a wafer surface. The presence of a single bad die 122 is enough to ruin an eventual device assembly formed from singulating the wafer stack 100. Therefore, as the number of wafers in a wafer stack 100 increases, the likelihood of at least one bad die 122 being introduced into an eventual device assembly increases exponentially.
To address these drawbacks and others, various embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods for bonding wafers of known good dies, and the assemblies resulting from such methods. One method for bonding known-good-die (KGD) wafers to form a known-good-die (KGD) wafer stack is illustrated in
The method 200 can include a first step 201. The first step 201 can include dicing top semiconductor wafers into top semiconductor dies, and then testing the top semiconductor dies for known good dies. The method 200 can include a second step 203. The second step 203 can include bonding the known good dies to a top silicon carrier wafer 208a to form a top KGD wafer 202 comprising top dies 210. In some implementations, bonding known good dies to a first silicon carrier wafer 208a can include fusion bonding a face of each known good die (e.g., a top die 210) to a face of the silicon carrier wafer 208a.
The second step 203 can also include filling gaps between the top dies 208a with a gap-fill material such that the gap-fill material forms a top gap-fill layer 222 around and above each of the top dies 210. The gap-fill material can include a silicon oxide. Additionally, the second step 203 can include planarizing the top gap-fill layer 222 to form a level surface for bonding. The second step 203 can include bonding the top dies 210 with a dummy silicon wafer 206. In some implementations, bonding the top dies 210 with a dummy silicon wafer 206 can include fusion bonding a back of each top die 210 to a face of the dummy silicon wafer 206, the back of each top die including a portion of the top gap-fill layer 222. Additionally, or alternatively, forming the top KGD wafer 202 comprising top dies 210 can include thinning the dummy silicon wafer 206 of the top KGD wafer 202 to a desired height.
The method can include a third step 205, which can include removing the top silicon carrier wafer 208a to expose a face for each top die 210. The third step 205 can include forming pads 220 on the faces of the top dies 210. The method can include a fourth step 207. The fourth step 207 can include dicing core semiconductor wafers into core semiconductor dies, and then testing the core semiconductor dies for known good dies.
The method 200 can include a fifth step 209, which can include bonding known good dies to core silicon carrier wafers 208b to form one or more core KGD wafers 204 comprising core dies 212. In some implementations, bonding known good dies (e.g., core dies 212) to core silicon carrier wafers 208b can include fusion bonding a face of each core die 212 to a face of a core silicon carrier wafer 208b. Additionally, or alternatively, forming the one or more core KGD wafers 204 comprising core dies 212 can include thinning the core silicon carrier wafers 208b to a desired height.
The fifth step 209 can include filling gaps between the core dies 212 with the gap-fill material such that the gap-fill material forms a core gap-fill layer 224 around each of the core dies 212. Additionally, in some implementations, forming the core gap-fill layers can further include planarizing the core gap-fill layers such that the layers are coplanar with a top and a bottom of the core dies. The fifth step 209 can include forming pads 220 on a back of each core die 212.
The method 200 can include a sixth step 211, in which the one or more core KGD wafers 204 are bonded to the top KGD wafer 202 to form a KGD wafer stack. The method 200 can include a seventh step 213. The seventh step 213 can include removing the core silicon carrier wafers 208b to expose a face for each core die 212. The seventh step 213 can include forming pads 220 on the exposed faces of the core dies 212. Additionally, dummy pads can be formed on the top gap-fill layer 222 and the core gap-fill layers, in order to assist with planarization and prevent or reduce dishing of the gap-fill layers. Such dummy pads 420 can be evidence of a fabrication step in which they were disposed on the silicon oxide materials to assist with planarization (e.g., chemical mechanical planarization (CMP)), and to prevent or reduce dishing of the silicon oxide materials.
In some implementations, steps four through seven can be done to a single core KGD wafer selected from the one or more KGD wafers 204, or it can be done to all of the one or more core KGD wafers 204, either in parallel or sequentially. In those implementations in which the one or more core KGD wafers 204 are fabricated in parallel, the seventh step 213 can include hybrid bonding the pads 220 on the backs of the core dies 212 disposed below the pads on the faces of the core dies 212 disposed above them, and fusion bonding the core gap-fill 224 layers together, such that the one or more core KGD wafers 204 forms a stack of core KGD wafers. The seventh step 213 can then include bonding this stack of core KGD wafers 204 to the top KGD wafer 202. Alternatively, bonding the one or more core KGD wafers 204 to the top KGD wafer 202 can include selecting a core KGD wafer from the one or more core KGD wafers 204. In these implementations, bonding can include hybrid bonding the pads 220 on the backs of the core dies 212 to the pads on the faces of the top dies 210, and fusion bonding the top gap-fill layers 222 to the core gap-fill layers 224. Additionally, in certain implementations, the bonded core KGD wafer can be a bottom wafer in the KGD wafer stack, and the method 200 can include removing the core silicon carrier wafer 208b from the bottom wafer to expose a face for each core die 212 on the bottom wafer. These implementations can include forming pads 220 on the faces of the core dies 212 on the bottom wafer and bonding the bottom wafer to a core KGD wafer from the one or more core KGD wafers 204. The one or more core KGD wafers 204 can be sequentially bonded in a like manner until a desired height for the KGD wafer stack is reached. In these implementations, bonding the bottom wafer to a core KGD wafer can include hybrid bonding the pads 220 on the backs of the core dies 212 belonging to the core KGD wafer to the pads 220 on the faces of the core dies 212 belonging to the bottom wafer, and fusion bonding the core gap-fill layers 224 of both wafers together.
After the seventh step 213, the method 200 can include bonding an IF logic wafer to a bottom of the KGD wafer stack. Additionally, or alternatively, the method 200 can include singulating the KGD wafer stack into a plurality of stacked semiconductor device assemblies, wherein each assembly has fusion bonds between gap-fill layers and hybrid bonds between dies.
Illustrated in
Additionally, the front side of the top die 310 can have pads 320. Each core die 312 can have a back side that is opposite to its front side. Each core die 312 can have pads 320 on its back side and front side. In such embodiments, the top hybrid bond can be between the pads 320 on the front side of the top die 310 and the back side of the core die 312 disposed beneath it. The core hybrid bonds can be between the pads 320 on the front sides of the core dies 312 and the pads on the back sides of the core dies 312 disposed beneath. further comprising a silicon carrier wafer disposed beneath the one or more core dies, wherein the silicon carrier wafer is fusion bonded to a front side of a bottommost core die. In certain embodiments, an IF logic wafer can be disposed below the bottommost core die 412 and connected to the semiconductor device assembly 400.
Such a wafer 300 can be singulated into a plurality of stacked semiconductor device assemblies, as discussed in the method 200 as being an optional step following the seventh step 213.
Additionally, in certain embodiments, the front side of the top die 410 can have pads 420. Each core die 412 can have a back side that is opposite to its front side. In such embodiments, the back side and the front side of each core die 412 can have pads 420. In such embodiments, the top hybrid bond can be between the pads 420 on the front side of the top die 410 and the back side of the core die 412 disposed beneath it. The core hybrid bonds can be between the pads 420 on the front sides of the core dies 412 and the pads 420 on the back sides of the core dies 412 disposed beneath. Additionally, dummy pads 426 can exist on the first and second silicon oxide materials 424 and 422, as illustrated. Such dummy pads 420 can be evidence of a fabrication step in which they were disposed on the silicon oxide materials to assist with planarization (e.g., chemical mechanical planarization (CMP)), and to reduce dishing of the silicon oxide materials.
Although in the foregoing example embodiment semiconductor device assemblies have been illustrated and described as including a single semiconductor device, in other embodiments assemblies can be provided with additional semiconductor devices. For example, the single semiconductor devices illustrated in
In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, the semiconductor devices illustrated in the assemblies of
Any one of the semiconductor devices and semiconductor device assemblies described above with reference to
Specific details of several embodiments of semiconductor devices, and associated systems and methods, are described above. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that suitable stages of the methods described herein can be performed at the wafer level or at the die level. Therefore, depending upon the context in which it is used, the term “substrate” can refer to a wafer-level substrate or to a singulated, die-level substrate. Furthermore, unless the context indicates otherwise, structures disclosed herein can be formed using conventional semiconductor-manufacturing techniques. Materials can be deposited, for example, using chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, plating, electroless plating, spin coating, and/or other suitable techniques. Similarly, materials can be removed, for example, using plasma etching, wet etching, chemical-mechanical planarization, or other suitable techniques.
The devices discussed herein, including a memory device, may be formed on a semiconductor substrate or die, such as silicon, germanium, silicon-germanium alloy, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, etc. In some cases, the substrate is a semiconductor wafer. In other cases, the substrate may be a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate, such as silicon-on-glass (SOG) or silicon-on-sapphire (SOP), or epitaxial layers of semiconductor materials on another substrate. The conductivity of the substrate, or sub-regions of the substrate, may be controlled through doping using various chemical species including, but not limited to, phosphorous, boron, or arsenic. Doping may be performed during the initial formation or growth of the substrate, by ion-implantation, or by any other doping means.
The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of”) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on.”
As used herein, the terms “vertical,” “lateral,” “upper,” “lower,” “above,” and “below” can refer to relative directions or positions of features in the semiconductor devices in view of the orientation shown in the Figures. For example, “upper” or “uppermost” can refer to a feature positioned closer to the top of a page than another feature. These terms, however, should be construed broadly to include semiconductor devices having other orientations, such as inverted or inclined orientations where top/bottom, over/under, above/below, up/down, and left/right can be interchanged depending on the orientation.
It should be noted that the methods described above describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, embodiments from two or more of the methods may be combined.
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but that various modifications may be made without deviating from the scope of the invention. Rather, in the foregoing description, numerous specific details are discussed to provide a thorough and enabling description for embodiments of the present technology. One skilled in the relevant art, however, will recognize that the disclosure can be practiced without one or more of the specific details. In other instances, well-known structures or operations often associated with memory systems and devices are not shown, or are not described in detail, to avoid obscuring other aspects of the technology. In general, it should be understood that various other devices, systems, and methods in addition to those specific embodiments disclosed herein may be within the scope of the present technology.
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/539,270, filed Sep. 19, 2023, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63539270 | Sep 2023 | US |