This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0082885, filed on Jun. 27, 2023, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Embodiments of the disclosure relate to a semiconductor package, and more particularly, to a semiconductor package including a redistribution structure.
With the development of the electronics industry and the needs of users, electronic devices have become smaller and lighter. As electronic devices are made smaller and lighter, semiconductor packages used for the electronic devices also have to become smaller and lighter, while having high reliability, high performance and large capacity. Moreover, when semiconductor packages have high performance and high capacity, power consumption of the semiconductor packages also increases. Accordingly, there is an increase need for semiconductor packages having a structure for responding to the size and performance of the semiconductor packages and stably supplying power to the semiconductor packages.
Aspects of the disclosure provide a semiconductor package capable of reducing process costs and easily controlling warpage.
According to an aspect of the disclosure, there is provide a semiconductor package including: a package substrate; a redistribution structure including: an insulating layer provided on a first side of the package substrate, and a plurality of horizontal redistribution structures provided in the insulating layer and arranged adjacent to each other in a first horizontal direction and a second horizontal direction, the first and the second horizontal directions parallel to an upper surface of the package substrate and the second horizontal direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction; external connection terminals provided on a first side of the redistribution structure; and a semiconductor chip provided on the redistribution structure, the semiconductor chip including a chip body and chip connection terminals provided on a first side of the chip body; wherein each of the plurality of horizontal redistribution structures includes: a via through the insulating layer; a tracer pattern formed integrally with the via and extending at an angle from the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction; a first bonding pad provided on the insulating layer, integrally formed with the via, and formed at a first position on the tracer pattern; and a second bonding pad formed at a second position on the tracer pattern different from the first position and bonded to the chip connection terminal.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a semiconductor package including: a package substrate; a redistribution structure including: an insulating layer provided on a first side of the package substrate, a plurality of horizontal redistribution structures provided in the insulating layer and arranged adjacent to each other in a first horizontal direction and in a second horizontal direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction, and a plurality of vertical redistribution structures; external connection terminals provided on a first side of the redistribution structure; a first semiconductor chip provided on the redistribution structure, the semiconductor chip including a first chip body and first chip connection terminals provided on a first side of the first chip body; and a second semiconductor chip spaced apart from the first semiconductor chip in the first horizontal direction and including a second chip body and second chip connection terminals provided on a first side of the second chip body; wherein the plurality of vertical redistribution structures completely overlap the first semiconductor chip in a vertical direction, wherein each of the plurality of horizontal redistribution structures includes: a via through the insulating layer; a tracer pattern formed integrally with the via and extending at an angle from the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction; a first bonding pad provided on the insulating layer, integrally formed with the via, and formed at a first position on the tracer pattern; and a second bonding pad formed at a second position on the tracer pattern different from the first position and bonded to the second chip connection terminal.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a semiconductor package including a package substrate; a redistribution structure including: an insulating layer provided on a first side the package substrate, a plurality of horizontal redistribution structures provided in the insulating layer and arranged side-by-side in a first horizontal direction and in a second horizontal direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction, and a plurality of vertical redistribution structures; external connection terminals arranged below the redistribution structure; a first semiconductor chip provided on the redistribution structure, the semiconductor chip including a first chip body and first chip connection terminals arranged on a first side of the first chip body; and a second semiconductor chip spaced apart from the first semiconductor chip in the first horizontal direction and including a second chip body and second chip connection terminals arranged on a first side of the second chip body; wherein the plurality of horizontal redistribution structures further includes: a first horizontal redistribution structure overlapping a vertex of the second semiconductor chip in a plan view and extend in a first angle with respect to the second horizontal direction; a second horizontal redistribution structure spaced apart from the first horizontal redistribution structure in the first horizontal direction and extend in a second angle different from the first angle with respect to the second horizontal direction; and a third horizontal redistribution structure spaced apart from the first horizontal redistribution structure in the second horizontal direction and extend in a third angle different from the first angle with respect to the second horizontal direction, wherein the plurality of vertical redistribution structures completely overlap the first semiconductor chip in a vertical direction.
According to another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor package, the method including: forming an insulating layer on an adhesive film attached to a carrier substrate and patterning the insulating layer to form a plurality of holes; applying a seed layer on the plurality of holes; forming a plurality of reference patterns between the plurality of holes on the insulating layer; filling spaces between the plurality of reference patterns and the plurality of holes with metal material to form a plurality of horizontal redistribution structures and a plurality of vertical redistribution structures; and after removing the plurality of reference patterns, bonding first chip connection terminals of the first semiconductor chip to the plurality of vertical redistribution structures, and bonding second chip connection terminals of a second semiconductor chip to the plurality of horizontal redistribution structures; wherein each of the plurality of horizontal redistribution structures includes: a via through the insulating layer; a tracer pattern formed integrally with the via and extending at an angle from the first horizontal direction and the second horizontal direction; a first bonding pad provided on the insulating layer, integrally formed with the via, and formed at a first position on the tracer pattern; and a second bonding pad formed at a second position on the tracer pattern different from the first position and bonded to the chip connection terminal.
Embodiments will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The following detailed description is provided to assist the reader in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the methods, apparatuses, and/or systems described herein. However, various changes, modifications, and equivalents of the methods, apparatuses, and/or systems described herein will be apparent after an understanding of the disclosure of this application. For example, the sequences of operations described herein are merely examples, and are not limited to those set forth herein, but may be changed as will be apparent after an understanding of the disclosure of this application, with the exception of operations necessarily occurring in a certain order. Also, descriptions of features that are known after an understanding of the disclosure of this application may be omitted for increased clarity and conciseness.
The features described herein may be embodied in different forms and are not to be construed as being limited to the examples described herein. Rather, the examples described herein have been provided merely to illustrate some of the many possible ways of implementing the methods, apparatuses, and/or systems described herein that will be apparent after an understanding of the disclosure of this application.
Throughout the specification, when a component is described as being “connected to,” or “coupled to” another component, it may be directly “connected to,” or “coupled to” the other component, or there may be one or more other components intervening therebetween. In contrast, when an element is described as being “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element, there can be no other elements intervening therebetween. Likewise, similar expressions, for example, “between” and “immediately between,” and “adjacent to” and “immediately adjacent to,” are also to be construed in the same way. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any one and any combination of any two or more of the associated listed items.
Although terms such as “first,” “second,” and “third” may be used herein to describe various members, components, regions, layers, or sections, these members, components, regions, layers, or sections are not to be limited by these terms. Rather, these terms are only used to distinguish one member, component, region, layer, or section from another member, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first member, component, region, layer, or section referred to in examples described herein may also be referred to as a second member, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the examples.
The terminology used herein is for describing various examples only and is not to be used to limit the disclosure. The articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises,” “includes,” and “has” specify the presence of stated features, numbers, operations, members, elements, and/or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, operations, members, elements, and/or combinations thereof.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms, including technical and scientific terms, used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains and based on an understanding of the disclosure of the present application. Terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, are to be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the disclosure of the present application and are not to be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. The use of the term “may” herein with respect to an example or embodiment (e.g., as to what an example or embodiment may include or implement) means that at least one example or embodiment exists where such a feature is included or implemented, while all example embodiments are not limited thereto.
However, the disclosure does not have to be configured as limited to the embodiments described below and may be embodied in various other forms. The following embodiments are not provided to fully complete the disclosure, but rather to fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
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According to an embodiment, the package substrate 101 may be in the form of a flat plate or a panel. The package substrate 101 may include an upper surface and a lower surface opposite to the upper surface. Each of the upper and lower surfaces of the package substrate 101 may be flat. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. Hereinafter, each of the first horizontal direction (X direction) and a second horizontal direction (Y direction) perpendicular to the first horizontal direction (X direction) may be defined as a direction parallel to the upper surface of the package substrate 101, and a vertical direction (Z direction) may be defined as a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the package substrate 101. The package substrate 101 may include, but is not limited to, a printed circuit board (PCB).
The second external connection terminals 160 may be arranged on the lower surface of the package substrate 101. The second external connection terminals 160 may be configured to electrically and physically connect the package substrate 101 to an external device. The second external connection terminals 160 may have solder balls, conductive bumps or a flip-chip connection structure with a grid array such as a pin grid array, a ball grid array, or a land grid array. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto, and as such, the second external connection terminals 160 may include another type of connection.
According to an embodiment, the redistribution structure 110 may include an insulating layer 111, a plurality of vertical redistribution structures 115 provided in the insulating layer 111 and arranged side by side in the first horizontal direction (X direction) and the second horizontal direction (Y direction), a plurality of horizontal redistribution structures 117, and center redistribution structures 118 in the middle of the plurality of horizontal redistribution structures 117 arranged in the second horizontal direction (Y direction). According to an embodiment, the insulating layer 111 may be a single layer structure. For example, the insulating layer 111 may be a single-layer insulating layer. The plurality of vertical redistribution structures 115 may be embedded in the insulating layer 111. For example, the plurality of vertical redistribution structures 115 may be arranged adjacent to each other in the first horizontal direction (X direction) and the second horizontal direction (Y direction). According to an embodiment, a first fan-in area FI1a may be provided in a first area of the redistribution structure 110 and a second fan-in area FI2a may be provided in a second area of the redistribution structure 110. The first area and the second area may be adjacent to each other in the first horizontal direction (X direction) in a plan view. For example, as shown in
According to an embodiment, the semiconductor package 10 may further include a seed layer 113 provided on a lower surface and side surfaces of each of vertical redistribution vias 1151 of the vertically redistribution structures 115, and a lower surface and side surfaces of each of the horizontal redistribution vias 1171 of the horizontal redistribution structures 117. For example, the seed layer is formed to cover the lower surface and the side surfaces of each of vertical redistribution vias 1151 of the vertically redistribution structures 115, and the lower surface and the side surfaces of each of the horizontal redistribution vias 1171 of the horizontal redistribution structures 117. For example, the seed layer conformally covers the lower surface and the side surfaces of each of vertical redistribution vias 1151 of the vertically redistribution structures 115, and the lower surface and the side surfaces of each of the horizontal redistribution vias 1171 of the horizontal redistribution structures 117. The seed layer 113 may include a titanium/copper (Ti/Cu) alloy and may prevent metal material of the vertical redistribution vias 1151 and metal material of the horizontal redistribution vias 1171 from diffusing into the insulating layer 111.
For example, the insulating layer 111 may include an insulating material which may include, but is not limited to, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, phosphosilicate glass (PSG), borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG), fluorosilicate glass (FSG), or a combination thereof.
According to an embodiment, the first semiconductor chip 120 may be positioned in the first fan-in area FI1a on the redistribution structure 110. The first semiconductor chip 120 may include a first chip body 121, first chip pads 122, first vertical connection conductors 123, and first chip connection terminals 124.
The first chip body 121 may include an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit may be any kind of integrated circuit including a memory circuit, a logic circuit, or a combination thereof. The memory circuit may include, but is not limited to, a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) circuit, a static random access memory (SRAM) circuit, a flash memory circuit, an electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) circuit, a phase-change random access memory (PRAM) circuit, a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) circuit, a resistive random access memory (RRAM) circuit, or a combination thereof. The logic circuit may include, but is not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU) circuit, a graphics processing unit (GPU) circuit, a controller circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) circuit, an application processor (AP) circuit, or a combination thereof.
The integrated circuit may include a substrate. The substrate may include a semiconductor material, such as a group IV semiconductor material. a group III-V semiconductor material, a group II-VI semiconductor material, or a combination thereof. The group IV semiconductor material may include, but is not limited to, silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), or a combination thereof. The group III-V semiconductor material may include, but is not limited to, gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium phosphide (InP), gallium phosphide (GaP), indium arsenide (InAs), indium antimony (InSb), indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), or a combination thereof. The Group II-VI semiconductor material may include, but is not limited to, zinc telluride (ZnTe), cadmium sulfide (CdS), or a combination thereof.
The first chip pads 122 may be provided on a lower surface of the first chip body 121 along the lower surface of the first chip body 121. The first chip pads 122 may provide connection between the first chip body 121 and the first vertical connection conductors 123. The first chip pads 122 may include a conductive material including, but not limited to, Cu, aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), tungsten (W), Ti, or a combination thereof.
The first vertical connection conductors 123 may be arranged between the first chip pads 122 and the first chip connection terminals 124. An upper surface of the first vertical connection conductor 123 may be connected to the first chip pad 122, and a lower surface of the first vertical connection conductor 123 may be connected to the first chip connecting terminal 124. For example, the upper surface of the first vertical connection conductor 123 may be physically connected or bonded to the first chip pad 122, and the lower surface of the first vertical connection conductor 123 may be physically connected or bonded to the first chip connecting terminal 124. The first vertical connection conductors 123 may include, for example, a conductive material, such as Cu, Al, Ag, Au, W, Ti, or a combination thereof. The first chip connection terminals 124 may be used to enable self-alignment between the first vertical connection conductors 123 and vertical redistribution pads 1153. The first chip connection terminals 124 may be bonded to the first vertical connection conductors 123 and the vertical redistribution pads 1153 in a molten state, where lines passing through the centers of the first vertical connection conductors 123 may not overlap lines passing through the centers of the corresponding vertical redistribution pads 1153, respectively. However, in the process of solidifying the first chip connection terminals 124 in the molten state, due to the surface tension of the first chip connection terminals 124, the lines passing through the centers of the vertical redistribution pads 1153 may overlap the lines passing through the centers of the first vertical connection conductors 123, respectively. That is, the first chip connection terminals 124 may align the vertical connection conductors 123 so that the centers of the first vertical connection conductors 123 and the centers of the first vertical redistribution pads 1153 coincide without error.
According to an embodiment, the second semiconductor chip 130 may be positioned in the second fan-in area FI2a on the redistribution structure 110. The second semiconductor chip 130 may include a plurality of stacked chips 131, through silicon vias 132, second vertical connection conductors 133, and second chip connection terminals 134. That is, the second semiconductor chip 130 may include high bandwidth memory (HBM).
The plurality of chips 131 may be connected to each other through the through silicon vias 132. The through silicon vias 132 may pass through each of the plurality of chips 131. The through silicon vias 132 may include at least one of metal or metal nitride. For example, the through silicon vias 132 may include at least one of Ti, tantalum (Ta), Al, Au, Cu, nickel (Ni), W, titanium nitride (TiN), or tantalum nitride (TaN). However, the disclosure is not limited thereto, and as such, through silicon vias 132 may include other material. Each of the plurality of chips 131 may include a logic semiconductor chip or a memory semiconductor chip. However, all of the plurality of chips 131 need not be of the same type. For example, a lowermost chip among the plurality of chips 131 may be a logic semiconductor chip and the other chips may be memory semiconductor chips. The logic semiconductor chip may include, but is not limited to, an AP, a CPU, or a controller. The memory chip may include, but is not limited to, DRAM, SRAM, PRAM, MRAM, RRAM, flash memory, or EEPROM.
The second vertical connection conductors 133 may be arranged between the lowermost chip among the plurality of chips 131 and the second chip connection terminals 134. A lower surface of the second vertical connection conductor 133 is bonded to the second chip connection terminal 134. The second vertical connection conductors 133 may include, but is not limited to, a conductive material including Cu, Al, Ag, Au, W, Ti, or a combination thereof.
According to an embodiment, the semiconductor package 10 may include a molding layer 150 on the insulating layer 111 to seal the first semiconductor chip 120, the second semiconductor chip 130, the plurality of vertical redistribution structures 115, and the plurality of horizontal redistribution structures 117. According to an embodiment, the molding layer 150 may be provided on side surfaces of the vertical redistribution pads 1153, a side surface of the tracer pattern 1175, and an upper surface and a side surface of the first bonding pad 1173. For example, the molding layer 150 may cover the side surfaces of the vertical redistribution pads 1153, the side surface of the tracer pattern 1175, the upper surface and the side surface of the first bonding pad 1173. The molding layer 150 may include, but is not limited to, a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, a UV curable resin, or a combination thereof. The molding layer 150 may include, but is not limited to, an epoxy resin, a silicone resin, or a combination thereof. The molding layer 150 may include, but is not limited to, an epoxy mold compound (EMC).
As shown in
According to an embodiment, a first angle θ1 of the first horizontal redistribution structure 117a inclined with respect to the second horizontal direction (Y direction) may be different from a second angle θ2 of the second horizontal redistribution structure 117b inclined with respect to the second horizontal direction (Y direction). As shown in
The first horizontal redistribution structure 117a includes a first tracer pattern 1175a extending at the first angle 01 from the second horizontal direction (Y direction), a first bonding pad 1173a which is formed at one end of the first tracer pattern 1175a and does not overlap the second semiconductor chip 130 in a plan view, and a second bonding pad 1177a which is formed at the other end opposite to the one end of the first tracer pattern 1175a and overlaps the second semiconductor chip 130.
The second horizontal redistribution structure 117b includes a second tracer pattern 1175b extending at the second angle θ2 from the second horizontal direction (Y direction), a first bonding pad 1173b which is formed at one end of the second tracer pattern 1175b and does not overlap the second semiconductor chip 130 in a plan view, and a second bonding pad 1177b which is formed at the other end opposite to the one end of the second tracer pattern 1175b and overlaps the second semiconductor chip 130.
The third horizontal redistribution structure 117c includes a third tracer pattern 1175c extending at a third angle θ3 from the second horizontal direction (Y direction), a first bonding pad 1173c which is formed at one end of the third tracer pattern 1175c and does not overlap the second semiconductor chip 130 in a plan view, and a second bonding pad 1177c which is formed at the other end opposite to the one end of the third tracer pattern 1175c and overlaps the second semiconductor chip 130.
The fourth horizontal redistribution structure 117d includes a fourth tracer pattern 1175d extending at a fourth angle θ4 from the second horizontal direction (Y direction), a first bonding pad 1173d which is formed at one end of the fourth tracer pattern 1175d and overlaps the second semiconductor chip 130 in a plan view, and a second bonding pad 1177d which is formed at the other end opposite to the one end of the fourth tracer pattern 1175d and overlaps the second semiconductor chip 130. Since the fourth horizontal redistribution structure 117d is positioned close to the inside of the second semiconductor chip 130 rather than the outside in a plan view, the first bonding pad 1173d of the fourth horizontal redistribution structure 117d and the second bonding pad 1177d of the fourth horizontal redistribution structure 117d may each overlap the second semiconductor chip 130.
According to an embodiment, the vertical redistribution structures 115 and the horizontal redistribution structures 117 may include at least one of Ti, Ta, Al, Au, Cu, Ni, W, TiN, or TaN.
According to an embodiment, the semiconductor package 10 may be redistributed with the single-layered horizontal redistribution structures 117 even without a plurality of conductive patterns and a plurality of conductive vias, thereby reducing process costs. In addition, since the redistribution structure 110 includes only a single-layered insulating layer, warpage may be easily controlled.
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The first horizontal redistribution structure 217a includes a first tracer pattern 2175a extending at the fifth angle θ5 from the second horizontal direction (Y direction), a first bonding pad 2173a which is formed at one end of the first tracer pattern 2175a and partially overlaps the second semiconductor chip 130 in a plan view, and a second bonding pad 2177a which is formed at the other end opposite to the one end of the first tracer pattern 2175a and overlaps the second semiconductor chip 130. However, according to an embodiment, the first tracer pattern 2175a may not completely overlap the second semiconductor chip 130 in a plan view.
The second horizontal redistribution structure 217b includes a second tracer pattern 2175b extending at the sixth angle θ6 from the second horizontal direction (Y direction), a first bonding pad 2173b which is formed at one end of the second tracer pattern 2175b and overlaps the second semiconductor chip 130 in a plan view, and a second bonding pad 2177b which is formed at the other end opposite to the one end of the second tracer pattern 2175b and overlaps the second semiconductor chip 130.
The third horizontal redistribution structure 217c includes a third tracer pattern 2175c extending at a seventh angle θ7 from the second horizontal direction (Y direction), a first bonding pad 2173c which is formed at one end of the third tracer pattern 1175c and does not overlap the second semiconductor chip 130 in a plan view, and a second bonding pad 2177c which is formed at the other end opposite to the one end of the third tracer pattern 2175c and overlaps the second semiconductor chip 130.
The fourth horizontal redistribution structure 217d includes a fourth tracer pattern 2175d extending at an eighth angle θ8 from the second horizontal direction (Y direction), a first bonding pad 2173d which is formed at one end of the fourth tracer pattern 2175d and overlaps the second semiconductor chip 130 in a plan view, and a second bonding pad 2177d which is formed at the other end opposite to the one end of the fourth tracer pattern 2175d and overlaps the second semiconductor chip 130. Since the fourth horizontal redistribution structure 217d is positioned close to the inside of the second semiconductor chip 130 rather than the outside in a plan view, the first bonding pad 2173d of the fourth horizontal redistribution structure 217d and the second bonding pad 2177d of the fourth horizontal redistribution structure 217d may each overlap the second semiconductor chip 130. Compared with the plurality of first bonding pads 1173a, 1173b, 1173c, and 1173d of the semiconductor package 11 shown in
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In the first fan-in area FI1d, the plurality of horizontal redistribution structures 417 may be arranged side-by-side in the first horizontal direction (X direction) and the second horizontal direction (Y direction). Each of the plurality of horizontal redistribution structures 417 may include a tracer pattern 4175 extending from the second horizontal direction (Y direction), a first bonding pad 4173 formed at one end of the tracer pattern 4175, and a second bonding pad 4177 formed at the other end opposite to the one end of the tracer pattern 4175 and bonded to the second chip connection terminal 134. The plurality of horizontal redistribution structures 417 arranged in the first fan-in area FI1d may be substantially the same as the plurality of horizontal redistribution structures 417 arranged in the second fan-in area FI2d.
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The semiconductor package 14 may include the plurality of insulating layers 511 and the plurality of conductive redistribution patterns 518. Each of the plurality of vertical redistribution structures 515 may include vertical redistribution vias 5151 and vertical redistribution pads 5153. Each of the plurality of conductive redistribution patterns 518 may include a conductive via pattern 5181 and a conductive layer 5183.
The conductive layers 5183 may extend in the first horizontal direction (X direction) and the second horizontal direction (Y direction) and may be arranged at different vertical levels to form a multilayer structure. The conductive layers 5183 may be arranged on any one of an upper surface and a lower surface of each of the plurality of insulating layers 511. For example, the conductive layers 5183 may include a line pattern extending in a line shape along one of the upper and lower surfaces of any one of the plurality of insulating layers 511. The conductive via patterns 5181 may extend in the vertical direction (Z direction) through at least one of the plurality of insulating layers 511. The conductive via patterns 5181 may electrically connect the conductive layers 5183 arranged at different vertical levels or electrically connect the conductive layers 5183 to the first external connection terminals 140. For example, the conductive layers 5183 and the conductive via patterns 5181 may include metals such as Cu, Al, W, Ti, Ta, In, molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), tin (Sn), Ni, magnesium (Mg), rhenium (Re), beryllium (Be), Ga, ruthenium (Ru), or alloys thereof.
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While the disclosure has been particularly shown and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the following claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10-2023-0082885 | Jun 2023 | KR | national |