1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to a semiconductor device assembly including a semiconductor die and leadframe. More particularly, the invention pertains to a leadframe with a mounting paddle to which a semiconductor die is bonded and with a plurality of leads of the leadframe connected to the bond pads on the die by wire bonding.
2. State of the Art
In the manufacture of semiconductor device assemblies, a single semiconductor die is most commonly incorporated into each sealed package. Many different package styles are used, including dual inline packages (DIP), zig-zag inline packages (ZIP), small outline J-bends (SOJ), thin small outline packages (TSOP), plastic leaded chip carriers (PLCC), small outline integrated circuits (SOIC), plastic quad flat packs (PQFP), and interdigitated leadframes (IDF). Some semiconductor device assemblies are connected to a substrate, such as a circuit board, prior to encapsulation.
The assembly of a semiconductor device and a leadframe and die ordinarily includes bonding of the die to a paddle of the leadframe, and wire bonding bond pads on the die to inner leads, i.e. lead fingers, of the leadframe. The inner leads, semiconductor die, and bond wires are then encapsulated, and extraneous parts of the leadframe excised.
In drawing
In an alternative arrangement, not shown, the paddle support bars 26, 28 extend parallel to centerline 30 from the die mount paddles 12 to dam bars 24 for support of the die mount paddles.
In forming a semiconductor device package, semiconductor dice are typically bonded to the paddles of the leadframe strip with an adhesive polymer, such as epoxy or a thermoplastic, with soft solder, or with a gold-silicon eutectic layer. Generally, each die mount paddle is slightly larger than the attached semiconductor die. The conductive bond pads of the semiconductor die are then wire bonded to the inner leads surrounding the semiconductor die, generally by the use of well-known thermocompression bonding methods, but sometimes by thermosonic or ultrasonic bonding methods.
During semiconductor die attach and wire bonding, the inner leads are typically clamped against a lower heater block or other flat member. The bonding tool itself is configured to compress the wire against the surface to which the wire is being bonded, i.e., a bond pad or inner lead. Examples of such are found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,600,138 of Hill, U.S. Pat. No. 4,030,657 of Scheffer, U.S. Pat. No. 4,603,803 of Chan et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,778,097 of Hauser, U.S. Pat. No. 5,148,959 of Cain et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,217,154 of Elwood et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,421,503 of Perlberg et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,445,306 of Huddleston. It has generally been found, however, that auxiliary clamping apparatus may improve the quality of “second bonding,” i.e., bonding of the wire to the inner leads.
Each inner lead being wire bonded may be clamped while being wire bonded only, or all leads may be simultaneously clamped.
Commercial wire bonding machines typically have an upper clamp member which includes a window for access to the semiconductor die, die paddle and inner end portions of the inner leads. The “frame” of the window acts as a narrow clamp which simultaneously holds down the inner leads surrounding the semiconductor die against the heater block. Alternatively, clamps are inserted through a window to hold the inner leads against the heater block. These “window” types of clamping arrangements are exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 3,685,137 of Gardiner, U.S. Pat. No. 5,035,034 of Cotney, U.S. Pat. No. 5,322,207 of Fogal et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,372,972 of Hayashi et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,765,531, 5,238,174 and 5,307,978 of Ricketson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,082,165 of Ishizuka, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,264,002 of Egashira et al.
Various other types of prior art clamping apparatus and methods of clamping an inner lead or bond pad against a flat lower member are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,361,261 of Elles et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,434,347 of Kurtz et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,978,835 of Luijtjes et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,193,733 of You, U.S. Pat. No. 5,197,652 of Yamazaki, U.S. Pat. No. 4,821,945 of Chase et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,647,528 of Ball et al.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,566,207 of Adams shows a leadframe in which the paddle support bars are clamped by “point” clamps.
A major source of package rejection is wire bond failure. Such failure has been attributed to overheating, underheating, chemical contamination, surface-rougimess, surface voids, oxide formation, presence of moisture, inadequate lead clamping, and other suspected causes.
While a wire bond “no-stick” may sometimes be detected and reworked on the spot, wire bond defects often do not become apparent until subsequent testing, or after the device has been encapsulated and/or has been in use. At this stage, the unit cost of the device itself is maximal. In addition, repair of a defective device may not be feasible.
On occasion, the die-to-paddle bond fails and may result in, e.g., shorting within the packaged device, wire bond breakage, loss of heat dissipation capability, and/or incomplete sealing of the package.
Even a relatively low frequency of defects in the wire bonds and in die-to-paddle bonds is extremely costly to the semiconductor industry.
It is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide a semiconductor device wherein the frequency of wire bond failures and die-to-paddle bond failures is reduced, the frequency of required wire bond rework is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
It has been generally assumed in the industry that the die mount paddle does not move during down-bonding of the semiconductor die or during subsequent wire bonding. However, it has been discovered that significant movement sometimes may exist, and this movement contributes to poor semiconductor die-to-paddle bonding and can be a major cause of the observed failure, i.e., immediate “no-stick” or subsequent debonding of the wire bonds from the bond pads of the semiconductor die and/or from the metal inner leads.
In accordance with the invention, the pattern of paddle and leads on the leadframe is configured to provide a paddle with clampable tabs extending therefrom. The tabs extend outwardly from areas of the paddle which are otherwise largely unsupported or farthest from the paddle support bars. These tabs may be formed on the sides of the paddle along which there are few, if any, bond pads. Alternatively, the tabs may be on the same sides as the paddle support bars, particularly when the paddle support bars on the sides have few, if any, bond pads. Typically, the tabs are positioned on the long dimensions of the paddle. When the leadframe is clamped for die attach and wire bonding, a clamp member such as a circumscribing “window frame” simultaneously clamps the inner leads, paddle support bars and paddle tabs against a lower clamp member which may be a heater block. The paddle is, thus, more extensively supported and is much more resistant to flexing, bending, and lifting away from the lower clamp member during the bonding operations.
The invention is illustrated in the following figures, wherein the elements are not necessarily shown to scale:
In the following discussion, the terms “upper” and “lower” are understood to include the inverse when referring to clamp members or leadframe levels of a bi-level leadframe.
As depicted in drawing
The leadframe strip 44 also includes a die mount paddle 60 which is configured for the mounting of the back side 62 of semiconductor die 42 thereon, using an adhesive layer 104 such as polyimide, epoxy, polymeric tape, etc. The adhesive layer 104 may be electrically nonconductive or conductive, depending upon the particular use for which the device is designed. The die mount paddle 60 is connected at each end 56, 58 to one of the leadframe rails 50, 52 by paddle support bars 78 and 80, and is supported thereby.
The semiconductor die 42 is illustrated as having an active surface 64 with a generally rectangular shape, although the semiconductor die may be of any shape. Bond pads 66 are arrayed adjacent the semiconductor die ends (edges) 68, 70 for conductive attachment to the inner leads 46 with thin bond wires 72. The wire bonding process may be one of thermocompression, ultrasonics or thermosonics, for example.
In accordance with the invention, the die mount paddle 60 is formed with clamping tabs 90 on each non-supported side 82, 84, i.e., the sides not having a paddle support bar 78, 80. Each clamping tab 90 extends outwardly to underlie the upper clamp member 86 and may be clamped thereby to a lower clamp member, not shown, which underlies a major portion of the leadframe panel 54. The clamping tabs 90 are shown with outer ends 88 not connected to inner leads 46, side rails 50, 52, or other parts of the leadframe panel 54. Thus, the presence of the clamping tabs 90 does not affect the choice of conductive or nonconductive adhesive layer 104. The clamping tabs 90 are configured to be totally encapsulated in the completed packaged semiconductor device 40.
Drawing
Preferably, the clamping tabs 90 are positioned so that there is no need for bond wires 72 to pass over the tabs.
As shown in the cross-sectional view of drawing
An alternative configuration is shown in drawing
Drawing
As shown in drawing
The leadframe strip 44 also includes a die mount paddle 60 which is configured for the mounting of the semiconductor die 42 thereon, as previously described.
The semiconductor die 42 is illustrated as having an active surface 64 with a generally rectangular shape. Bond pads 66 are arrayed adjacent the semiconductor die ends (edges) 68, 70 for conductive attachment to the inner leads 46 with thin bond wires 72. The wire bonding process may be one of thermocompression, ultrasonics or thermosonics, for example.
In accordance with this embodiment of the invention, the die mount paddle 60 is formed with clamping tabs 90 on each of the sides 114, 116 having no (or few) bond pads 66. In contrast to the version shown in drawing
The clamping tabs 90 may take any reasonable shape which will not result in shorting to leads or wires, and will not hinder polymer movement during encapsulation. Preferably, the clamping tabs 90 are positioned so that there is no need for bond wires 72 to pass over the tabs.
Following encapsulation, the tab outer ends 88 are severed, and the dam bars 76 removed to singulate the leads.
If desired, the die mount paddle 60 may be formed of a material different from the inner leads 46 and outer leads 48. In the current state of the art, however, additional cost would be incurred.
A major advantage of the inclusion of clamping tabs 90 in the die mount paddle 60 is the prevention of paddle movement during die bonding and the subsequent wire bonding operations. The reduced movement permits more secure bonding of the semiconductor die 42 to the die mount paddle 60. In addition, the first wire bond, i.e., to the bond pad 66, as well as the second wire bond, i.e., to an inner lead 46, are stronger. As a result, the device failure rate may be significantly reduced.
An additional advantage of the invention is the enhanced heat spread and dissipation through the clamping tabs.
It is apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications maybe made to the leadframe configurations of the invention, devices formed therefrom and methods of making and practicing the invention as disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/943,763, filed Aug. 30, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,977,214, issuing Dec. 20, 2005, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/635,023, filed Aug. 4, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,326,238, issued Dec. 4, 2001, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/210,013 filed Dec. 11, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,162,662, issued Dec. 19, 2000.
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 09943763 | Aug 2001 | US |
Child | 11301344 | Dec 2005 | US |
Parent | 09635023 | Aug 2000 | US |
Child | 09943763 | Aug 2001 | US |
Parent | 09210013 | Dec 1998 | US |
Child | 09635023 | Aug 2000 | US |