Patent Application
20110272813
The application is based on Japanese patent application No. 2010-107698, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device.
2. Related Art
In recent years, as miniaturization of LSIs has progressed, insulating films having a low specific dielectric constant have been chiefly used as interconnect insulating interlayers. In addition, cap insulating films which are etching stoppers have been thinned for the purpose of the low-dielectric constant. Thereby, the etching stop property remarkably decreases in a process of forming via interconnects. Further, it is required to introduce slit-shaped vias having a large opening diameter in order to reduce the via resistance. For this reason, in LSI interconnects in the future, there will be increased importance for a technique for simultaneously processing a normal via and a slit-shaped via having a larger diameter than that of the via.
Such a technique for forming slit-shaped via patterns having different opening diameters is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2007-318124.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2007-318124 discloses that in an insulating interlayer of SiCOH provided on a cap insulating film of SiCN, an etching stopper in the slit-shaped via pattern portion having a large opening diameter is partially thickened. Thereby, it is disclosed that variation in the depth between vias can be suppressed by increasing the etching stop property. In addition, gaseous species are not disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2007-318124.
Meanwhile, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2009-105272 discloses a technique for controlling the etching rate of trenches having different aspect ratios. That is, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2009-105272 discloses that the trench is formed in a CF-based insulating interlayer provided on a cap insulating film such as SiC, by combination use of hydrogen-containing gas such as CH3F gas and N2 gas. In the trench forming process, in a via hole having a small aspect ratio, a deposit is deposited at the bottom.
On the other hand, in a via hole having a high aspect ratio, a deposit is not deposited at the bottom. For this reason, it is disclosed that in the via hole having a small aspect ratio, the etching rate can be reduced by the deposit.
On the other hand, a technique for improving the etching stop property of the cap insulating film is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2008-177596. In Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2008-177596, plasma processing is performed on the insulating interlayer of (HO)3SiCH3 provided on the cap insulating film of SiN, by replacing O2 gas with N2 gas in mixed gas of CF gas/O2 gas/Ar gas. It is disclosed that since the N2 gas cannot chemically etch a CF-based deposited film, the drawing-out phenomenon of CH3 of the insulating interlayer in which the CF-based deposited film exists does not occur. Thereby, it is disclosed that the selectivity to SiN is raised while the generation of a sub-trench is suppressed.
In addition, M. Ueki, IEEE, pp 619-622 (2008) discloses that etching damage can be suppressed using a high carbon-containing organic silica film. As shown in M. Ueki, IEEE, pp 619-622 (2008), the carbon content of this high carbon-containing organic silica film is higher than the carbon content of a porous SiOCH film generally widely used as shown in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2007-318124.
However, it is required to select proper gas as gaseous species in order not to cut down the cap insulating film. In addition, the insulating interlayer needs a low-dielectric constant film, and various types of films exist. For this reason, considering the selectivity of the cap insulating film, it is required to change applied gaseous species in the case of changing materials of the insulating interlayer or the combination thereof.
In one embodiment, there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, including: forming an insulating film, including Si and C, over a substrate; forming an organic silica film, having a composition ratio of the number of carbon atoms to the number of silicon atoms higher than that of the insulating film, over the insulating film; and forming two or more concave portions, having different opening diameters, in the organic silica film, by plasma processing in which mixed gas including inert gas, N-containing gas, fluorocarbon gas and oxidant gas is used.
According to the invention, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device obtained by the above-mentioned method of manufacturing a semiconductor device.
N in the N-containing gas reacts with carbon when excited. In the invention, the carbon content of the organic silica film is caused to increase, while the carbon content of the insulating film is caused to decrease. Thereby, it is possible to decrease the etching rate of carbon of the insulating film while increasing the etching rate of carbon of the organic silica film. In this manner, it is possible to improve the etching selectivity by the N-containing gas. It is possible to suppress variation in the depth between the vias having different opening diameters by improving the etching selectivity.
In another embodiment, there is provided a semiconductor device including: a substrate; an insulating interlayer provided over the substrate; a first metal film which is provided with a plurality of interconnect trenches within the insulating interlayer, and is buried in the interconnect trenches, respectively; an insulating film, provided over the insulating interlayer, that includes Si and C; an organic silica film, provided over the insulating film, that has a composition ratio of the number of carbon atoms to the number of silicon atoms higher than that of the insulating film; and a second metal film which is provided with a first concave portion and a second concave portion having a larger opening diameter than that of the first concave portion in the organic silica film, and is buried in the first concave portion and the second concave portion, respectively, wherein the second metal film and the first metal film are electrically connected to each other, and wherein in the surface of the first metal film between the second metal film buried in the first concave portion and the second concave portion, respectively, and the first metal film, a peak equivalent to an oxide of metal included in the first metal film does not exist when measured by a transmission electron microscope and electron energy loss spectroscopy.
In the semiconductor device according to the invention, it is configured so that the carbon content of the organic silica film is high, while the carbon content of the insulating film is low. For this reason, in the process of manufacturing a semiconductor device, as mentioned above, it is possible to suppress variation in the depth between the vias having different opening diameters by improving the etching selectivity. As a result, it is possible to suppress variation in the remaining film thickness of the insulating film in the first concave portion and the second concave portion, and to protect the surface of the first metal film from being oxidized when the concave portion is formed. For this reason, it is configured so that in the surface of the first metal film, the oxide of metal included in the first metal film does not substantially exist.
According to the invention, it is possible to suppress variation of the depth of the via, and to realize the structure of the semiconductor device having an excellent reliability and a method of manufacturing the same.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description of certain preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The invention will be now described herein with reference to illustrative embodiments. Those skilled in the art will recognize that many alternative embodiments can be accomplished using the teachings of the present invention and that the invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated for explanatory purposes.
Hereinafter, the embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In all the drawings, like elements are referenced by like reference numerals and descriptions thereof will not be repeated.
(Semiconductor Device)
The semiconductor device according to the embodiment includes a substrate (silicon substrate), a lower-layer interconnect structure 201, an organic silica film 202 which is provided on a cap insulating film 201d including Si and C in the lower-layer interconnect structure 201 and has a composition ratio of the number of carbon atoms to the number of silicon atoms higher than that of the cap insulating film 201d (hereinafter, referred to as C/Si), and a second metal film (Cu film 211) which is provided with a first concave portion (opening 208) and a second concave portion (opening 209) within the organic silica film 202 and is buried in these openings.
The opening diameters (or opening areas) of the opening 208 and the opening 209 are different from each other. For example, the opening diameter of the opening 208 is larger than that of the opening 209. The interface composition of the Cu film 211 and a Cu film 201c (first metal film) in the opening 208 and the interface composition of the Cu film 211 and the Cu film 201c in the opening 209 are homogeneous without depending on the opening ratio (however, when a barrier metal film 210 is formed at the bottom of the Cu film 211, the interface composition of the barrier metal film 210 and the Cu film 201c is configured to be homogeneous). For this reason, in the surface of the Cu film 201c between the Cu film 211 and the Cu film 201c in each of the opening 208 and the opening 209, an oxide (CuO) of metal (Cu) included in the Cu film 201c may not substantially exist.
Here, the fact that the oxide (CuO) does not substantially exist means that the peak equivalent to the oxide (CuO), which protrudes further than the peak of metal (Cu) included in the Cu film 201c measured by a transmission electron microscope and an electron energy loss spectroscopy (TEM-EELS), does not exist in the surface of the Cu film 201c between the Cu film 211 and the Cu film 201c in each of the opening 208 and the opening 209.
As shown in
There is sufficient processing controllability in the semiconductor device of the embodiment, when a Cu multilayer interconnect having a plurality of slit-shaped via patterns of which the opening diameters (opening areas) are different is collectively formed. The interface composition of the lower-layer interconnect in this opening is homogeneous without depending on the opening ratio. For this reason, in the semiconductor device of the embodiment, it is possible to obtain a multilayer copper interconnect which does not inhibit a device performance influenced by the manufacturing process. Therefore, in the embodiment, it is possible to obtain the semiconductor device having a high reliability.
Next, a manufacturing method according to the embodiment will be described.
The method of manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the embodiment includes: forming the cap insulating film 201d including Si and C over the substrate; forming the organic silica film 202, having a composition ratio of the number of carbon atoms to the number of silicon atoms higher than that of the cap insulating film 201d, on the cap insulating film 201d; forming two or more concave portions (opening 208 and opening 209), having different opening diameters, in the organic silica film 202, by plasma processing in which mixed gas including inert gas, N-containing gas, fluorocarbon gas and oxidant gas is used.
The inventor has found that highly-selective etching of the organic silica film/cap insulating film is possible using the high carbon content of the organic silica film. Thereby, in the embodiment, it is possible to realize the multilayer interconnect having a high processing controllability.
As an example of the collective formation of the vias according to the embodiment, Ar is used as inert gas, N2 is used as N-containing gas (reaction accelerating gas), CF4 is used as fluorocarbon gas, and O2 is used as oxidant gas. In addition, using a SiOCH film as the organic silica film and using a SiC film as the cap insulating film, (C/Si) of the organic silica film to the cap insulating film is set to 1 or greater. In addition, a line-shaped via and a via hole having an opening diameter smaller than that of the line-shaped via are used as the via.
As shown in
Such a point will be described. First, when N in the N2 gas is excited, it reacts with C in the organic silica film. The carbon content of the organic silica film is caused to increase, while the carbon content of the cap insulating film is caused to decrease. Thereby, the etching rate of the organic silica film increases, while the etching rate of the cap insulating film decreases. For this reason, the above-mentioned etching selectivity can become higher.
In addition, since N2 is an element which is easily ionized, and has an atomic number smaller than that of Ar and has a small amount of ion bombardment, the formation of a sub-trench can be suppressed even when the element is used in highly ionic etching. For this reason, it is possible to realize etching having a high processing uniformity.
The N2/Ar ratio is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 1 or greater, more preferably 1.5 or greater.
As stated above, when the N2 gas is used, the etching selectivity can be improved in the organic silica film having a carbon content higher than that of the cap insulating film. This is not limited to the N2 gas, but is the same in the N-containing gas. It is possible to suppress variation in the depth between the vias having different opening diameters by improving the etching selectivity.
Therefore, it is possible to improve the etching selectivity through the N-containing gas by setting (C/Si) of the organic silica film to the cap insulating film to 1 or greater, more preferably 2 or greater.
In addition,
As shown in
Therefore, when etching is performed at such a CF4/O2 ratio, the etching rate can become constant without depending on the opening diameter (or opening area) between the vias, thereby allowing the depths of the vias to be made equal between the vias having different opening diameters.
In addition, the CF4/O2 ratio at which the etching rate can become constant (hereinafter, referred to as the saturated CF4/O2 ratio) is determined by the C/Si ratio, and as C increases, the saturated CF4/O2 ratio become smaller. In addition, the flow rate of CF4 at which the etching rate can become constant (hereinafter, referred to as the saturated CF4 flow rate) is determined by the C/Si ratio, and as C increases, the saturated CF4 flow rate becomes smaller.
In the embodiment, the CF4/O2 ratio is preferably equal to or greater than 1.0 and equal to or less than 5.0. It is possible to suppress variation in the etching rate by setting the CF4/O2 ratio to the lower limit or greater. On the other hand, the etching selectivity is improved by setting the ratio to the upper limit or less, and thus the excellent processing controllability is obtained.
Therefore, it is possible to improve the etching selectivity through the fluorocarbon gas by setting (C/Si) of the organic silica film to the cap insulating film to 1 or greater, more preferably 2 or greater.
In addition, since the high carbon-containing organic silica film has a C/Si ratio higher than that of the cap insulating film (etching stopper), the etching stop property reach the maximum level at the side where the CF4/O2 ratio is low.
A supplementary description of this point will be made. When the flow rate of CF4 becomes low, the etching rate of Si becomes low. In the embodiment, the Si content is small in the organic silica film, and is large in the cap insulating film. For this reason, the etching rate of the cap insulating film becomes low. Thereby, the etching selectivity can be improved.
In addition, prevailing removal of Si by a CFx radical is a main cause for occurrence of the difference between patterns. However, in the embodiment, when the flow rate of CF4 (CFx radical) is made higher than the flow rate of saturated CF4 in the saturated CF4/O2 ratio, the etching rate becomes constant. Therefore, even when the amount of CFx radical supply changes with the opening diameter, the etching rate can not change. That is, the etching rates between the vias having different opening diameters can be made equal. For this reason, the difference between patterns of the etching rates can be solved.
In addition, when the flow rate of CF4 is higher than the flow rate of saturated CF4 of the saturated CF4/O2 ratio, in via processing, the slit-shaped vias can be simultaneously opened without depending on the opening diameter and the opening area. For this reason, after the cap is opened, the amounts of overetching to the Cu interconnect in the slit-shaped via portion are made equal. Oxidation of the Cu surface due to the influence of overetching or the etching product to be attached, and the degree of the Cu deformation amount and the like can be made equal without depending on the opening diameter and the opening area. For this reason, the cleaning effect by chemical processing is also the same in all slit-shaped vias, and the interface composition of the via and the lower-layer Cu interconnect and the shape thereof are homogeneous in the in-plane of the wafer. In the embodiment, since the composition or the shape of the interface between the via and the Cu interconnect can be homogeneously controlled, variation in the via resistance can be reduced, and via reliability can also be improved.
Moreover, in highly ionic etching, the bond is broken by the ion bombardment, and the etching is accelerated. However, since the high carbon-containing organic silica film of which the C/Si ratio is greater than 1 is formed of CH—* (* is Si or C) having a relatively weak bond similarly to the cap insulating film, and the strong Si—O bond is scarce, the etching rate can decrease instead in the high Ar flow rate. That is, in the etching of the high carbon-containing organic silica film, the sub-trench shape can be scarcely formed even by the high Ar flow rate etching. In addition, even when N2 is used as a gas replacing Ar, the etching rate can ba made constant by the saturated CF4/O2 ratio without depending on the supply of N ions, and thus similarly, the sub-trench shape is hardly formed. For this reason, in the etching of the high carbon-containing organic silica film, the highly ionic etching through the high Ar flow rate and the high N2 flow rate is possible. Particularly, when the N2/Ar ratio is 1 or greater, the processing selectivity of the high carbon-containing organic silica film and the cap insulating film is improved.
In addition, mixed gas having a N2/Ar ratio of 1 or greater and a CF4/O2 ratio of 5 or less is used, whereby it is possible to realize the etching stop property of the cap insulating film while the difference between patterns of the slit-shaped via patterns having different opening diameters is suppressed. In this manner, the inventor has found that with respect to the high carbon-containing organic silica film, the etching rate of the organic silica film between the vias having different opening diameters can be made constant by the CF4/O2 ratio above a certain value, in the etching in which physical properties having a small effect of improvement in the etching rate by the ion bombardment are used.
Thereby, variation in the depth of the via can be suppressed between the vias having different opening diameters. In addition, since the remaining film of the etched insulating film just below the via can be made equal between the vias, the interface composition of the lower-layer interconnect in each of the openings can become homogeneous without depending on the opening ratio.
Hereinafter, components of each gas or materials of the organic silica film according to the embodiment will be described in detail.
As the N-containing gas, nitrogen gas, ammonia gas, a primary amine gas, a secondary amine gas, a tertiary amine gas, or quaternary ammonium and the like can be used (however, oxidant gas is excluded). When these gases are excited in plasma, they serve as reaction accelerating gases which react with C in the organic silica film.
As the inert gas, for example, gases such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon can be used (however, nitrogen-containing gas is excluded).
As the fluorocarbon gas, gas represented by CxHyFz can be used (x and z are respectively the same or different natural numbers, and y is zero or a natural number). In particular, the gas includes CF4, CHF3, CH2F2, CHF3, C2F6, C2H2F4, C2H4F2, C2F4, C2H2F2, C3F8, C3H2F6, C3H4F4, C3H6F2, C3F6, C3HF5, C3H3F3, C3H4F2 or C3H5F and the like.
As the oxidant gas, gas such as O2, CO2, CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH, N2O, NO, N2O3, NO2, N2O4 or N2O5 can be used.
The cap insulating film is a film made of any of silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride carbide (SiCN), or a laminated film thereof. In addition, the cap insulating film is a film made of oxygen-containing silicon carbide (SiCON) including unsaturated hydrocarbon, amorphous carbon and oxygen, or a laminated film of SiCN, SiC and the oxygen-containing silicon carbide film. In addition, the C/Si ratio of the cap insulating film is preferably 1.0 to 1.5.
The organic silica film according to the embodiment is a porous SiOCH film. This porous SiOCH film includes cyclic organosiloxane.
The cyclic organosiloxane has a cyclic siloxane structure, and has a hydrocarbon group at the side chain thereof.
When Si—O (siloxane bond) is counted as one unit, the cyclic siloxane has a cyclic structure composed of a plurality of units. This cyclic siloxane has a cyclic structure in which the same number of silicon (Si) atoms and oxygen (O) atoms is alternately linked. The cyclic structure includes, for example, a three-membered ring, a four-membered ring, and a five-membered ring (herein, Si—O (siloxane bond) is counted as one unit). As the cyclic structure, the three-membered ring having a small vacancy diameter is preferable from the viewpoint of process stability.
In addition, the porous SiOCH film includes independent vacancies in which the individual vacancies are not connected to each other. Here, the formation mechanism of the vacancy of the porous SiOCH film will be described. The origin of the vacancy in the porous SiOCH film is a cyclic siloxane skeleton. For this reason, the porous SiOCH film is made porous by the independent vacancies in which the individual vacancies are not connected to each other. In other words, in the embodiment, a process of desorbing porogen to make a film porous is not required. Therefore, in the porous SiOCH film according to the embodiment, continuous vacancies caused by desorption are not formed.
The organic silica film is obtained by using a cyclic organosiloxane compound having a structure represented by the following Formula (1). For example, the organic silica film is obtained by a plasma polymerization method. Thereby, the porous SiOCH film having a small vacancy diameter is formed.
In Formula (1), R1 and R2 are the same or different, and denote a hydrocarbon group, respectively. The hydrocarbon group includes a linear or branched alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an alkenyl group and the like.
The alkyl group is, for example, an alkyl group having a carbon number in the range of 1 to 8. An example of the alkyl group includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group and the like.
The alkenyl group is, for example, an alkenyl group having a carbon number in the range of 1 to 8. An example of the alkenyl group includes a vinyl group, an allyl group and the like.
A compound having a cyclic organosiloxane structure may be configured such that R1 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group and R2 is a saturated hydrocarbon group. In this case, it is possible to grow a low-dielectric constant insulating film in which the cyclic siloxane is bonded by a plasma polymerization reaction of the unsaturated hydrocarbon group of R1. In particular, it may be configured to be a compound having, for example, an isopropyl group (cyclic organosiloxane structure represented by the following Formula (3)), where R1 is a vinyl group and R2 is a saturated hydrocarbon group having a branched structure with large steric hindrance. It is preferable because a large steric hindrance of the side chain R2 can reduce the density of the film, and can reduce the specific dielectric constant. Meanwhile, it is obvious that the saturated hydrocarbon (R2) having a branched structure with large steric hindrance includes isobutyl, tertiary butyl and the like.
Particularly, the cyclic organic silica compound having a cyclic siloxane structure preferably includes both the hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of at least 3 or more and the unsaturated hydrocarbon group. In this manner, the siloxane structure includes both the unsaturated hydrocarbon group and the hydrocarbon group having the number of carbon atoms of 3 or more, whereby it is possible to form the organic silica film in which the decarbonizing rate is decreased by the strong bond energy of the unsaturated hydrocarbon group, many hydrocarbon constituents are held by the hydrocarbon group having a large number of carbon atoms, and the carbon composition is enriched.
In addition, the organic silica film can be formed by a plasma CVD method, using a compound having a cyclic organosiloxane structure shown in the following Formula (2) or (3) as a material. At this time, the organic silica film can have a small vacancy structure with an average vacancy diameter of less than 1 nm, for example, 0.3 to 0.7 nm.
The average vacancy diameter can be measured by a small-angle X-ray scattering method or a positron annihilation method, a high-resolution electron microscope observation and the like.
The dielectric constant of the organic silica film is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 2.7 or less, and can be set to more preferably 2.6 or less. On the other hand, the dielectric constant is 2.0 or more, and can be set to 2.2 or more.
In addition, the C/Si ratio in the organic silica film is, for example, 1 or more, and can be set to more preferably 2 or greater. On the other hand, the ratio is 20 or less, and can be set to 5 or less. In addition, (C/Si) of the organic silica film to the cap insulating film is greater than 1, and is preferably 2 or greater.
It is possible to realize both the improvement in the etching selectivity and the stability of the process by setting this C/Si ratio to be in the above-mentioned range. Particularly, when the organic silica film having a high C content of the C/Si ratio of 2 or greater is used, a CxFy film which is an etching product is easily formed, and the etching rate is easily controlled using the saturated CF4/O2 ratio. In addition, by increasing the difference of the composition between the cap insulating film mainly containing Si and the organic silica film, the etching selectivity of the organic silica film to the cap insulating film is improved, and the processing selectivity is improved.
Next, a first example of the embodiment will be described.
As shown in
A plasma polymerization method is used in a method of forming the organic silica film 2. In addition, though a CVD method may be used in forming the hard mask 3, the CVD method may also be used in forming the organic silica film 2. At this time, the hard mask 3 may include a laminated structure in which a organic silica film, having a composition different from that of the organic silica film 2, according to the embodiment is used. A resist mask 4 is formed on the hard mask 3, and line-shaped via 5 and a columnar via 6 having opening diameters different from each other are form by dry etching using the resist mask (
Here, a method of forming the organic silica film will be described in detail.
As an example of the organic silica film according to the embodiment, the porous SiOCH film having a composition ratio of Si:O:C=1:0.9:2.7 can be used. The vacancy of this porous SiOCH film is an independent vacancy and the diameter thereof can be set to 0.8 nm or less.
Hereinafter, each of the components of the film forming apparatus will be described.
The reservoir 101 is a container that keeps and stores a monomer raw material. The raw material pressurizing and feeding portion 102 supplies gas for pressurizing and feeding a raw material within the reservoir 101. He is used as the pressurizing and feeding gas. The carrier gas supply portion 103 supplies He for transporting the monomer raw material. The liquid mass flow controller 104 controls the flow rate of the raw material to be supplied. The gas mass flow controller 105 controls the flow rate of He which is carrier gas. The vaporizer 106 vaporizes the monomer raw material. The vaporization temperature is preferably determined from the boiling point or the vapor pressure of the raw material and the polymerization initiation temperature, and is generally 50° C. to 200° C., properly 75° C. to 150° C. When the vaporization temperature is a low temperature of 50° C. or higher, it is possible to suppress a cause of a case where the vaporization becomes unstable. On the other hand, when the vaporization temperature is a high temperature of 200° C. or lower, it is possible to suppress a cause of a case where a portion of raw material molecules is thermally decomposed or thermally polymerized before vaporization. The reactor 107 is a film forming chamber in which film formation is performed on the gasified raw material by plasma polymerization.
The RF power supply 109 supplies high-frequency power. Thereby, the gasified monomer raw material or carrier gas is plasmarized. The organic silica film is grown on a substrate 108 placed within the reactor 107 by chemical vapor deposition. The air exhaust pump 110 exhausts the raw material gas and the carrier gas introduced into the reactor 107. In addition, excited gas or oxidized gas can be introduced into the reactor 107 in a system (not shown) different from the raw material. Inert gas such as helium (He), argon (Ar), neon (Ne), and xenon (Xe) is generally used as the excited gas. It is preferable to select the same gas as the carrier gas. In addition, oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the like can be used as the oxidized gas.
Subsequently, a process of forming the organic silica film will be described using the film forming apparatus according to the embodiment. Here, the film formation is performed using the raw material having a cyclic organic silica structure shown in the above-mentioned General Formula (1).
First, the raw material is sent out from the reservoir 101 by the He gas supplied by the raw material pressurizing and feeding portion 102. The flow rate of the raw material is controlled by the liquid mass flow controller 104. On the other hand, the He gas is supplied from the carrier gas supply portion 103. The flow rate of the He gas is controlled by the gas mass flow controller 105. The raw material and the He gas which is carrier gas are mixed just before the vaporizer 106, and are introduced into the vaporizer 106. A heated heater block (not shown) is disposed within the vaporizer 106. The liquid monomer raw material is vaporized within the vaporizer 106, and a vaporized product is introduced into the reactor 107 together with the carrier gas. The vaporized monomer raw material and carrier gas are plasmarized within the reactor 107, for example, through a high frequency of 13.56 MHz, and the organic silica film is grown on the substrate 108.
The flow rate of the monomer raw material introduced into the reactor 107 is preferably equal to or more than 0.1 g/min and equal to or less than 10 g/min, more preferably equal to or less than 2 g/min. The flow rate of He which is carrier gas is preferably equal to or more than 50 sccm and equal to or less than 5,000 sccm, more preferably equal to or less than 2,000 sccm. The pressure within the reactor 107 is preferably 133 to 1,333 Pa. the power of the RF power supply 109 is preferably equal to or less than 2,000 W with respect to a 300 mm wafer, more preferably equal to or less than 1,000 W.
Thereafter, overetching is performed using the height of the selectivity of the organic silica film to the cap insulating film (
In this case, the inert gas may be rare gas such as He in place of Ar.
The reaction accelerating gas may be ammonia gas or an amine-based gas such as methylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine in place of N2, may be quaternary ammonium such as ammonium carbonate, or may be combined gas thereof.
In addition, the fluorocarbon gas may be CHF3, CH2F2, CHF3, C2F6, C2H2F4, C2H4F2, C2F4, C2H2F2, C3F8, C3H2F6, C3H4F4, C3H6F2, C3F6, C3HF5, C3H3F3, C3H4F2 or C3H5F and the like, in place of CF4, or may be combined gas thereof. In addition, the oxidant gas may be any of gas of CO2, CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH, N2O, NO, N2O3, NO2, N2O4 or N2O5, in place of O2, or may be combined gas thereof.
After the via etching, dual damascene etching, chemical processing, a metallization process, and CMP processing are performed, and then the interconnect structure having the via interconnects with different opening diameters is formed. In this case, the remaining film thicknesses of the cap insulating film after the via processing can be the same without depending on the opening diameter and the opening area. For this reason, the cap insulating films under the via at the time of the dual damascene etching can be also opened simultaneously without depending on the opening diameter and the opening area. In the dual damascene etching, the etching conditions set to, for example, Ar: 100 to 400 sccm, CF4: 50 to 400 sccm, O2: 3 to 20 sccm, pressure: 15 to 50 mTorr, RF power: 200 to 1,000 W, and time: 10 to 60 seconds are preferably used.
In addition, Cu (Cu film 1c) is protected by the remaining film of the cap insulating film 1d after the via processing, whereby Cu (Cu film 1c) of the opening portion of the cap insulating film 1d can be managed with a good controllability. For example, asking processing in which O2 or CO2 is used in resist stripping after the via processing is performed, and carbon is contained in the cap insulating film 1d. Therefore, since O2 is used in the dual damascene etching, Cu (Cu film 1c) of the opening portion of the cap insulating film 1d is easily oxidized.
As stated above, after Cu is buried in the via portion, the interface composition between the via and the lower-layer Cu interconnect and the shape thereof can become homogeneous in the in-plane of the wafer. Here, the interface composition indicates, for example, the content of oxygen near the surface of Cu (Cu film 1c), and the like. In the first example, even when the composition analysis of the interface between the via and the Cu interconnect of the via hole (via 5) and the slit-shaped via pattern (via 6) is performed, the detected states can be the same.
On the contrary, in the case of the lack of the stop property in the cap insulating film, for example, when the cap insulating film is removed during the via hole, there may be a case where the Cu surface under the via hole is oxidized (
On the other hand, in the first example, the remaining film of the cap insulating film after the via processing can be controlled. In the first example, the remaining film of the cap insulating film id after the via processing is in the same level, and thus Cu (Cu film 1c) can be protected from oxidation and the like. For this reason, in the first example, the entire surface of the Cu interconnect between the vias having different opening diameters can be configured such that the peak equivalent to CuO which protrudes with respect to the peak equivalent to Cu measured by the TEM-EELS does not exist. That is, the entire surface of the Cu interconnect between the via having different opening diameters can be configured such that oxidation is prevented, and that CuO does not substantially exist. For this reason, the composition of the interface between the via and the Cu interconnect or the shape thereof can be homogeneously controlled in the in-plane of the wafer, and variation in the via resistance can be reduced, thereby allowing the reliability to be improved.
Here, description of the effect of the first example will be put together.
In the embodiment, it is possible to improve the etching selectivity through the N-containing gas by setting (C/Si) of the organic silica film to the cap insulating film to 1 or greater. It is possible to suppress variation in the depth between the vias having different opening diameters by improving the etching selectivity.
Further, in the embodiment, it is possible to improve the etching selectivity through the fluorocarbon gas by setting (C/Si) of the organic silica film to 1 or greater. Particularly, when etching is performed at the saturated CF4/O2 ratio, the etching rate can become constant without depending on the opening diameter (or opening area) between the vias, thereby allowing the depths of the vias to be made equal between the vias having different opening diameters. That is, mixed gas having a N2/Ar ratio of 1 or greater and a CF4/O2 ratio of 5 or less is used, whereby it is possible to realize the etching stop property of the cap insulating film while the difference between patterns of the slit-shaped via patterns having different opening diameters is reduced. In this case, mixed gas including the inert gas, the reaction accelerating gas, the fluorocarbon gas, and the oxidant gas is used, whereby it is possible to collectively form a plurality of via holes having different opening areas.
Generally, highly ionic etching by the high Ar flow rate is effective in suppressing the difference between patterns. The highly ionic etching is to draw an etchant into the etching surface by application of a bias voltage. However, in etching of the porous organic silica film having a low carbon concentration, there is a concern that since the effect of improvement in the etching rate by the ion bombardment becomes excessively large, the sub-trench shape is formed in the highly ionic etching including a large amount of Ar ions.
On the other hand, in the embodiment, it is possible to suppress damage of the process by using the carbon-rich organic silica film (for example, having (C/Si) of 2 or greater). The above-mentioned concern can be avoided even while the highly ionic etching by the high Ar flow rate is used.
When etching is performed using O2 in the low carbon porous organic silica film ((C/Si)<1), there may be a case where carbon in the film is pulled out during etching, and the portion such as the via sidewall becomes a film close to SiO2, which results in a rise in the dielectric constant. Particularly, since the area of the via sidewall is large in the slit-shaped via pattern compared to the normal via pattern, there may be a case where the influence of an increase in the dielectric constant becomes large, to thereby decrease the device performance.
On the other hand, in the embodiment, it is possible to avoid such a negative effect by using the carbon-rich organic silica film (for example, having (C/Si) of 1 or greater).
Moreover, as mentioned above, in the embodiment, the etching selectivity of the insulating interlayer to the cap insulating film is sufficiently obtained. For this reason, it is not required to improve the etching stop property by thickening the cap insulating film. Thereby, it possible to raise the effective dielectric constant, and to realize high performance and low power consumption of an LSI.
Next, a second example of the embodiment will be described.
First, as shown in
Subsequently, as shown in
Subsequently, as shown in
At the time of the formation of the via 205 and the via 206, they may be formed by the same method as that of the via 5 and the via 6 shown in the first example.
Subsequently, interconnect trenches (opening 208 and opening 209) are formed in the organic silica film 202 by lithography and dry etching, using a resist 207 (
Next, Cu oxides or etching products of the Cu interconnect surface of the opening 208 and the opening 209 are cleaned by chemical processing. In this case, the chemical preferably contains fluorine. This is because the chemical containing fluorine is highly effective in removal of the Cu oxide or removal of the etching product. As mentioned above, the cap insulating film 201d is simultaneously opened without depending on the opening diameter and the opening area, and thus in all Cu interconnect surfaces, the time taken to be exposed to plasma can be the same. For this reason, oxidation of the Cu surface due to the influence of overetching or the etching product to be attached, and the degree of the Cu deformation amount and the like can be also the same without depending on the opening diameter and the opening area. For this reason, the cleaning effect through the chemical processing can be the same in all the vias, and the interface composition between the via and the lower-layer Cu interconnect and the shape can become homogeneous in the in-plane of the wafer. When the surface composition or the surface shape of the Cu interconnect in the opening can be homogeneously controlled within the surface of the wafer, variation in the via resistance can be reduced.
As shown in
Thereafter, as shown in
In this manner, the semiconductor device of the embodiment as shown in
In a method of the related art, there is a via forming process in which the selectivity of the organic silica/cap insulating films is low, and the difference between patterns is large. As a result, there has been a case where after a two-layer interconnect is formed, the composition of the interface between the via and the lower-layer Cu interconnect depends on the opening diameter and the opening area of the via, and as the opening diameter increases, the amount of detected impurities in the Cu interconnect such as oxygen increases.
On the other hand, in the example, the composition of the interface between the via and the lower-layer Cu interconnect and the shape thereof can become homogeneous in the in-plane of the wafer. For this reason, the amounts of detected impurities in the Cu interconnect can be the same without depending on the opening diameter and the opening area. The composition of the interface between the via and the lower-layer Cu interconnect can be detected by a physical analysis method such as the TEM-EELS.
In the embodiment, it is preferable that the organic silica film has an atom composition ratio of C/Si of 2 or greater and a high C content. The film having a high C content causes a CxFy film which is an etching product to be easily formed. Thereby, the etching rate is easily controlled using the saturated CF4/O2 ratio. In addition, the difference of the composition between the cap insulating film mainly containing Si and the organic silica film increases, and thus the etching selectivity of the organic silica film to the cap insulating film is improved. For this reason, the processing selectivity is improved.
The same effect as that of the first example is also obtained in the second example.
Next, a third example of the embodiment will be described.
In the semiconductor device according to the third example, signal processing such as analog/RF is performed. In this case, the Cu interconnect can be formed as an inductor in a vortex shape.
The semiconductor device according to the example includes a lower-layer Cu interconnect 301 formed over a substrate (not shown) by a damascene method, a cap insulating film (not shown), containing silicon carbide as a main ingredient, formed on the Cu interconnect, an organic silica film having at least (C/Si) larger than that of the cap insulating film thereon, and an upper-layer Cu interconnect 303 formed on the organic silica film. The upper-layer Cu interconnect 303 is connected to the lower-layer Cu interconnect 301 through a slit-shaped via 302. Upper and lower interconnects are connected to each other through the slit-shaped via having a low resistance. Thereby, the two-layer Cu interconnect can be used as one inductor. Therefore, according to the third example, it is possible to sufficiently fulfill a circuit function as an inductor element.
A laminated structure (not shown) of an organic silica film and a hard mask formed on the lower-layer Cu interconnect 301 is formed, and a slit-shaped via pattern is formed in a resist by the same method as that of the second example. Subsequently, the slit-shaped via 302 having a large opening diameter and a via (not shown) having a small opening diameter, which are different from each other in opening diameter, are simultaneously formed by dry etching in the highly uniform/highly-selective etching conditions, and processing is performed down to the cap insulating film. Since the via hole can be etched down to the cap insulating film at the same etching rate even in the case of different opening diameters, the amounts of overetching to the cap insulating film can be the same without depending on the opening diameter and the opening area. In this case, the remaining film thicknesses of the cap insulating film can be also the same without depending on the opening diameter and the opening area. In this case, in the formation of the slit-shaped via 302, the etching conditions set to, for example, Ar: 100 to 400 sccm, N2: 400 to 800 sccm, CF4: 15 to 100 sccm, O2: 3 to 20 sccm, pressure: 15 to 30 mTorr, RF power: 500 to 1,500 W, and time: 10 to 60 seconds are preferably used. At the time of forming the slit-shaped via 302, the slit-shaped via can be formed by the same method as that of the via formation of the first example.
The slit-shaped via 302 that connects the upper and lower interconnects to each other may be a plurality of vias having different opening diameters and shapes. In addition, the Cu interconnect layer used as an inductor may be three layers or four layers.
In the third example, when an inductor is formed in the fine Cu interconnect, it is possible to lower the interconnect resistance while thickening the width of the interconnect. Thereby, the inductor is caused to emit heat and power loss becomes large, and thus it is possible to suppress occurrence of a decrease in the function of the device.
The same effect as that of the first example is also obtained in the third example.
Next, a fourth example of the embodiment will be described.
The semiconductor device according to the fourth example is configured such that in an A/D converter which converts an analog signal to a digital signal, the capacitance between interconnects of local interconnects is used as the capacitance of a capacitive element of a parallel plate.
The semiconductor device of the example includes a lower-layer Cu interconnect 401 formed over a substrate (not shown) by a damascene method, a cap insulating film (not shown), containing silicon carbide as a main ingredient, formed on the Cu interconnect, an organic silica film having at least (C/Si) larger than (C/Si) of the cap insulating film thereon, and an upper-layer Cu interconnect 403 formed on the organic silica film. The upper-layer Cu interconnect 403 is connected to the lower-layer Cu interconnect 401 through a slit-shaped via 402. Upper and lower interconnects are connected to each other through the slit-shaped via 402 having a low resistance. Thereby, the local interconnect can function as the capacitive element in the Cu interconnect.
At the time of forming the slit-shaped via 402, the slit-shaped via is formed by the same method as that of the slit-shaped via 302 shown in the third example. The slit-shaped via 402 having a large opening diameter and a via (not shown) having a small opening diameter, which are different from each other in opening diameter, are simultaneously formed by dry etching. The processing conditions of the slit-shaped via 402 are also the same as those of the first example. The remaining film thicknesses of the cap insulating film after the via processing are the same, as mentioned above, without depending on the opening diameter and the opening area. For this reason, the cap insulating films under the via at the time of the dual damascene etching can be also opened simultaneously without depending on the opening diameter and the opening area. Therefore, in the surfaces of the Cu interconnect under all the vias after opened, the time taken to be exposed to plasma can be the same. For this reason, oxidation of the Cu surface due to the influence of overetching or the etching product to be attached, and the degree of the Cu deformation amount and the like can be also the same without depending on the opening diameter and the opening area. For this reason, the cleaning effect through the chemical processing can be also the same in all the vias, and thus even after Cu is buried in the via, the interface composition between the via and the lower-layer Cu interconnect and the shape thereof can become homogeneous in the in-plane of the wafer.
The slit-shaped via 402 is set up so as to be located at the endmost distance between the adjacent interconnects, whereby it is possible to increase the parasitic capacitance between the interconnects, and to suppress variation as the capacitive element.
However, the upper-layer Cu interconnect 403 is not limited to the structure shown in
Meanwhile, the embodiment and a plurality of modified examples mentioned above can be of course combined in the scope in which the contents thereof are contrary to each other. In addition, in the embodiment and the modified examples mentioned above, although the structure of each part and the like are specifically described, the structure thereof and the like can be variously changed in the scope that satisfies the invention.
In the embodiment, the via hole having an aspect ratio of less than 2 and the via hole having an aspect ratio of 2 or greater may be combined.
In the embodiment, a slit-type via structure and a cylindrical through-hole via can be combined. The contact area is increased by using the slit-type via structure, thereby allowing the resistance to be reduced. For this reason, in the embodiment, it is possible to avoid a decrease in the operation speed of a high-speed analog/on-chip inductor and the like or deterioration of the characteristics thereof.
In the embodiment, processing can be performed so that there is no difference between patterns of the slit-shaped via patterns having different opening diameters. Therefore, in the interface of the organic silica film and the cap insulating film, even the trench-first process in which adjustment of the processing depth of the via through overetching is not performed can be used in the via etching process of the embodiment. In the embodiment, since the process having a high etching selectivity can be realized, the process margin of the via processing can be taken to a large extent. Further, the cap insulating film can be used in the hard mask at the time of the via processing, using the selectivity. For this reason, in the embodiment, it is also possible to perform processing with a better controllability than that in the trench-first process of the related art in which a metal hard mask difficult to deal with is used.
Further, in the embodiment, since the etching selectivity can be improved, the via-first dual damascene processing method can be applied.
Here, in the so-called via-first dual damascene processing method in which the through-hole via is formed in advanced of the trench interconnect, etching is stopped on the cap insulating film formed on the copper interconnect, and overetching is performed, whereby the difference between patterns of the etching rate or the in-plane variation and the like are absorbed. Further, the lower-layer Cu interconnect is protected by this cap insulating film, whereby a decrease in the connection yield ratio or deterioration of the reliability due to surface alteration such as oxidation of the lower-layer Cu interconnect layer in the next process for forming the trench interconnect in the interconnect insulating interlayer is prevent. For this reason, in the via-first dual damascene processing method, variation in the processing depth of the via is small, and opening is easily controlled under the via. Therefore, the method is a process having a higher processing controllability than that in the trench-first dual damascene processing method in which the via processing is stopped on the way.
Hereinafter, a supplementary description will be made of terms used in the present specification.
The term “insulating film” indicates a film (insulating interlayer) for insulating and isolating, for example, interconnect materials, and the term “low-dielectric constant insulating film” indicates a material having a lower specific dielectric constant than that of silicon oxide film (having a specific dielectric constant of 3.9 to 4.5) used for reducing the capacitance between the multilayer interconnects that connect the semiconductor elements to each other. In particular, the porous insulating film includes, for example, a material obtained by making porous a silicon oxide film to thereby reduce the specific dielectric constant, or a material obtained by making porous a hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) film or an organic silica film, SiOC (for example, Black Diamond™, CORAL™, Aurora™) and the like to thereby reduce the specific dielectric constant, and the like. It is preferable to make lower the low-dielectric constants of these films.
In the embodiment, the metal interconnect material contains Cu as a main ingredient. In order to improve the reliability of the metal interconnect material, a metal element other than Cu may be contained in a member made of Cu, and a metal element other than Cu (for example , Al or Ni) may be formed on the upper surface or the lateral side and the like of Cu.
The term “damascene interconnect” indicates a buried interconnect formed by burying a metal interconnect material in a trench of the insulating interlayer which is previously formed and removing the redundant metal other than the inside of the trench by, for example, the CMP and the like. When the damascene interconnect is form by Cu, the interconnect structure is generally used in which the lateral side and the outer circumference of the Cu interconnect is covered with a barrier metal, and the upper surface of the Cu interconnect is covered with an insulating barrier film.
The term “chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method” is a method of planarizing the asperity of the wafer surface occurring during the process of the multilayer interconnect formation by bringing the asperity into contact with a polishing pad rotated while a polishing solution is caused to flow to the wafer surface and polishing it. In the interconnect formation by the damascene method, particularly, after a metal is buried in the interconnect trench or the via hole, the CMP method is used in order to obtain the planarized interconnect surface by removing the redundant metal portion.
The term “barrier metal” indicates a conductive film, having barrier properties, for coating the lateral side and the bottom of the interconnect in order to prevent the metal elements included in the interconnect from being diffused to the insulating interlayer or the lower layer. For example, when the interconnect is made of the metal elements containing Cu as a main ingredient, high-melting-point metals such as tantalum (Ta), tantalum nitride (TaN), titanium nitride (TiN), and tungsten carbonitride (WCN) or the nitrides thereof and the like, or the laminated film thereof is used.
The “cap insulating film” indicates a film, formed on the upper surface of the Cu interconnect, which has a function of preventing the oxidation of Cu or the diffusion of Cu into the insulating film, and a role serving as an etching stopper layer at the time of processing. It is preferable to introduce an insulating barrier film having a lower-dielectric constant in order to improve the interconnect signal transmission delay. The cap insulating film is also called a barrier insulating film.
The term “semiconductor substrate” is a substrate in which a multilayer copper interconnect is formed, and particularly, includes not only a substrate created on a single-crystal silicon substrate, but also a substrate such as a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate or a substrate for manufacturing a thin film transistor (TFT) and a liquid crystal.
The term “hard mask” indicates an insulating film having a role of protecting an insulating interlayer by laminating the hard mask on the insulating interlayer, when it is difficult to perform the CMP directly due to a decrease in the strength by the low-dielectric constant of the insulating interlayer.
The term “passivation film” is a film, formed on the uppermost layer of the semiconductor element, which has a role of protecting the semiconductor element from moisture and the like from the outside. A silicon oxynitride film (SiON) or a polymide film and the like, formed by a plasma CVD method, are generally used.
The term “plasma CVD method” is, for example, a method of continuously supplying a gaseous raw material to a reaction chamber under reduced pressure to change molecules to an excited state by plasma energy, and forming a continuous film on the substrate by gas phase reaction, or substrate surface reaction and the like.
The term “PVD method” is a method in which improvement of the burial characteristics, improvement of the film quality, or in-plane uniformity of the film thickness of the wafer is achieved, and then a sputtering method having a high directionality such as, for example, a long-throw sputtering method, a collimated sputtering method, or an ionized sputtering method normal can be used in addition to a normal sputtering method. When an alloy is sputtered, a metal other than the main component is previously contained within a metal target to the solid solubility limit or less, so that the formed metal film can be used as an alloy film. In the invention, the metal film can be used when a Cu seed layer or a Cu alloy seed layer at the time of chiefly forming a damascene Cu interconnect, and a barrier metal layer are formed.
It is apparent that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and may be modified and changed without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-107698 | May 2010 | JP | national |
