Patent Grant
11670548
Embodiments described herein relate to integrated circuit packages, and more particularly, to techniques for packaging voltage regulators.
A variety of electronic devices are now in daily use with consumers. Particularly, mobile devices have become ubiquitous. Mobile devices may include cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smart phones that combine phone functionality and other computing functionality such as various PDA functionality and/or general application support, tablets, laptops, net tops, smart watches, wearable electronics, etc.
Such mobile devices may include multiple integrated circuits, each performing different tasks. In some cases, circuits that perform different tasks may be integrated into a single integrated forming a system on a chip (SoC). The different functional units within a SoC may operate at different power supply voltage levels. In some designs, power supply or regulator circuits may be included in the SoC to generate different voltage levels for the myriad functional units included in the SoC.
Voltage regulators may employ one or more passive components, such as, e.g., inductors and capacitors in order to improve performance. The fabrication of such passive components may employ different processing steps and materials than those used in manufacturing an SoC. In such cases, the passive components may be manufactured separately from the SoC.
Various embodiments of a system package are disclosed. Broadly speaking, a system is contemplated in which a module includes one or more passive circuit elements, an interconnect region, and a voltage regulator controller die configured to generate a regulated power supply using the one or more passive circuit elements. The interconnect region may include a plurality of conductive paths, and each conductive path may include a plurality of wires fabricated on a plurality of conductive layers. The voltage regulator controller die may include a plurality of terminals, and a first subset of the plurality of terminals may be coupled to respective terminals of a give passive circuit element via a first subset of the plurality of conductive paths. Each terminal of a second subset of the plurality of terminals may be coupled to respective solder balls of a plurality of solder balls via a given path of a second subset of the plurality of conductive paths.
In one embodiment, each of the one or more passive circuit elements includes at least one inductor and one capacitor.
In a further embodiment, the at least one inductor is included in a first integrated circuit die, and the at least one capacitor is included in a second integrated circuit die.
The following detailed description makes reference to the accompanying drawings, which are now briefly described.
While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular form illustrated, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the description. As used throughout this application, the word “may” is used in a permissive sense (i.e., meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense (i.e., meaning must). Similarly, the words “include,” “including,” and “includes” mean including, but not limited to.
Various units, circuits, or other components may be described as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is a broad recitation of structure generally meaning “having circuitry that” performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the unit/circuit/component can be configured to perform the task even when the unit/circuit/component is not currently on. In general, the circuitry that forms the structure corresponding to “configured to” may include hardware circuits. Similarly, various units/circuits/components may be described as performing a task or tasks, for convenience in the description. Such descriptions should be interpreted as including the phrase “configured to.” Reciting a unit/circuit/component that is configured to perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph (f) interpretation for that unit/circuit/component. More generally, the recitation of any element is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph (f) interpretation for that element unless the language “means for” or “step for” is specifically recited.
In a computing system, it may be desirable to operate different functional units of a System-on-a-chip (SoC) at different power supply voltage. In some cases, the computing system that includes such an SoC may only receive a particular power supply voltage from a battery or other suitable DC power supply. In order to generate the desired power supply voltage levels, a voltage regulator circuit may be employed.
Voltage regulator circuit may be designed according to one of various design styles. In some cases, passive components, such as, e.g., inductors and capacitors, are employed to improve the efficiency of voltage regulator circuits.
A manufacturing process used to fabricate voltage regulator circuits or SoCs may not be well suited for fabricating inductors and capacitors. As such, in some cases, inductors and capacitors to be used with voltage regulator circuits may be fabricated separately from the voltage regulator circuits and SoCs, and the mounted on a common circuit board or other suitable medium.
In small form factor applications, such as, e.g., mobile computing devices, reduced footprint assemblies of the voltage regulator circuit, SoC, and passive devices may be desirable. The embodiments illustrated in the drawings and described below may provide techniques assembling voltage regulator circuits, their related passive circuit elements, and other integrated circuits in a common system package while minimizing the package footprint.
A block diagram of an integrated circuit including multiple functional units is illustrated in
As described below in more detail, processor 101 may, in various embodiments, be representative of a general-purpose processor that performs computational operations. For example, processor 101 may be a central processing unit (CPU) such as a microprocessor, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). In some embodiments, processor 101 may include one or more energy modeling units 106 which may be configured to estimate both dynamic and leakage power consumption on a cycle and execution thread basis. In other embodiments, any functional unit, such as, e.g., I/O block 104, may include an energy modeling unit.
Complex 107 includes processor cores 108A and 108B. Each of processor cores 108A and 108B may be representative of a general-purpose processor configured to execute software instructions in order to perform one or more computational operations. Processor cores 108A and 108B may be designed in accordance with one of various design styles. For example, processor cores 108A and 108B may be implemented as an ASIC, FPGA, or any other suitable processor design. Each of processor cores 108A and 108B may, in various embodiments, include energy modeling units 109A and 109B, respectively. Energy modeling units 109A and 109B may each monitor energy usage within their respective processor cores thereby allowing, in some embodiments, accounting of energy associated with a given process being executed across multiple processor cores.
Memory block 102 may include any suitable type of memory such as a Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), a Read-only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory (EEPROM), or a non-volatile memory, for example. It is noted that in the embodiment of an integrated circuit illustrated in
Analog/mixed-signal block 103 may include a variety of circuits including, for example, a crystal oscillator, a phase-locked loop (PLL), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) (all not shown). In other embodiments, analog/mixed-signal block 103 may be configured to perform power management tasks with the inclusion of on-chip power supplies and voltage regulators. Analog/mixed-signal block 103 may also include, in some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) circuits that may be configured for operation with wireless networks.
I/O block 104 may be configured to coordinate data transfer between integrated circuit 100 and one or more peripheral devices. Such peripheral devices may include, without limitation, storage devices (e.g., magnetic or optical media-based storage devices including hard drives, tape drives, CD drives, DVD drives, etc.), audio processing subsystems, or any other suitable type of peripheral devices. In some embodiments, I/O block 104 may be configured to implement a version of Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol or IEEE 1394 (Firewire®) protocol.
I/O block 104 may also be configured to coordinate data transfer between integrated circuit 100 and one or more devices (e.g., other computer systems or integrated circuits) coupled to integrated circuit 100 via a network. In one embodiment, I/O block 104 may be configured to perform the data processing necessary to implement an Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) networking standard such as Gigabit Ethernet or 10-Gigabit Ethernet, for example, although it is contemplated that any suitable networking standard may be implemented. In some embodiments, I/O block 104 may be configured to implement multiple discrete network interface ports.
In some embodiments, each of the aforementioned functional units may include multiple circuits, each of which may include multiple devices, such as, e.g., metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) connected via multiple wires fabricated on multiple conductive layers. The conductive layers may be interspersed with insulating layers, such as, silicon dioxide, for example. Each circuit may also contain wiring, fabricated on the conductive layers, designated for a power supply net or a ground supply net.
Integrated circuit 100 may, in various embodiments, be fabricated on a silicon wafer (or simply “wafer”) along with numerous identical copies of integrated circuit 100, each of which may be referred to as a “chip” or “die.” During manufacture, various manufacturing steps may be performed on each chip in parallel. Once the manufacturing process has been completed, the individual chips may be removed from the wafer by cutting or slicing through unused areas between each chip.
It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in
Turning now to
During operation, voltage regulator 202 may generate a voltage level on regulated supply 205. Depending on integrated circuit 201, the voltage level of regulated supply 205 may be higher or lower than the voltage level on power supply 204. The voltage level on regulated supply 205 may vary within predetermined limits from a desired voltage level. The variation may result from changes in the voltage level on power supply 204, variations in temperature, or changes in current demand from integrated circuit 201. Although only a single regulated power supply is depicted in the embodiment illustrated in
Voltage regulator 202 may be designed in accordance with one of varying design styles. In some embodiments, voltage regulator 202 may employ a combination of active and passive devices (not shown). Such passive devices may, in some embodiments, include any suitable combination of inductors and capacitors. In various embodiments, integrated circuit 201 and voltage regulator may be fabricated using different semiconductor manufacturing processes, and may be mounted in a common integrated circuit package or mounted on a common substrate.
It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in
A block diagram of an embodiment of a voltage regulator unit is illustrated in
Control circuit 301 may be configured to receive power supply 304, and source current to regulator power supply 305 through passive components 307 dependent on control signal 308. In various embodiments, control circuit 301 may include multiple metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) or other suitable transconductance devices capable of selectively applying current to regulated power supply 305. Passive components 307 may, in some embodiments, include one or more inductors, and one or more capacitors, or any other suitable passive component. In various embodiments, the components included in passive components 307 may be fabricated together on a single silicon substrate, or they may be manufactured on separate silicon substrates using different semiconductor manufacturing processes.
Comparison circuit 302 may, in various embodiments, be configured to compare a voltage level on regulated power supply 305 and a voltage level on reference voltage 306. In response to the comparison, comparison circuit 302 may adjust a voltage level on control signal 308. In some embodiments, control signal 308 may switch between multiple discrete voltage levels, each of which represents a logic level. Alternatively, control signal 308 may be an analog signal, which may assume a continuous spectrum of voltage levels.
In various embodiments, reference generator circuit 303 may be configured to generate a voltage level on reference voltage 306 dependent on the voltage level on power supply 304. The voltage level on reference voltage 306 may, in some embodiments, correspond to a desired voltage level for an integrated circuit, such as integrated circuit 100 as illustrated in
The embodiment illustrated in
Turning to
Interconnect layer 402 is coupled to the top of VR Controller 401. In various embodiments, interconnect layer 402 may include multiple wires fabricated on multiple conductive layers included within interconnect layer 402. Such wires may provide routing paths from signal and power terminals on VR Controller 401 to solder bumps 403a-403e, and terminals on inductor 404 and capacitor 403. In some embodiments, interconnect layer 402 may be fabricated onto VR Controller 401 using a wafer scale packaging process or other suitable assembly process. As used and described herein, a signal terminal may refer to a terminal on an integrated circuit, passive device, or interconnect layer or region, through which an electrical signal may be transmitted. Such an electrical signal may include either analog or digital signals. Additionally, a power terminal, as used and described herein, may refer to a terminal on an integrated circuit, passive device, or interconnect layer or region dedicated to power supply or ground supply connections.
In various embodiments, inductor 404 and capacitor 405 may be fabricated on a silicon or other suitable substrate using a semiconductor manufacturing process. Alternatively, or additionally, inductor 404 and capacitor 405 may be discrete components manufactured using any suitable manufacturing process.
It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in
A different embodiment of a VRM is depicted in
Passive device die 503 may, in various embodiments, include one or more inductors and capacitors, and may be manufactured using a semiconductor manufacturing process. During manufacture, connection paths 506a and 506b (also referred to herein as “vias” or “through silicon vias”) are created in passive device die 503 to allow connections from solder bumps 504a-504d to terminals on interconnect layer 502, which, in turn, are coupled to terminals on VR controller 501. The passive devices included in passive device die 503 may be coupled to circuitry included in VR Controller 501 through connectors 505. In various embodiments, connectors 505 may be solder bumps or any other medium suitable for coupling passive device die 503 to VR controller 501.
The embodiment illustrated in
Turning to
Capacitor die 604 may include one or more capacitors, and inductor die 603 may include one or more inductors. Capacitor die 604 and inductor die 603 may be manufactured using respective semiconductor manufacturing processes. Each of capacitor die 640 and inductor die 603 include routing paths through the die that form vias 606a and 606b, thereby allowing connects from solder bumps 605a-605d to terminals on interconnect layer 602. In various embodiments, interconnect layer 602 may include multiple wires fabricated on multiple conductor layers forming connections between terminals on VR Controller 601 and terminals on interconnect layer 602.
Terminals on capacitor die 604 are coupled to a first set of terminals on inductor die 603 via connectors 607. Additionally, a second set of terminals on inductor die 603 are coupled to terminals on interconnect layer 602 via connectors 608. In various embodiments, connectors 607 and 608 may include solder bumps or any other suitable medium. In some embodiments, space between capacitor die 604 and inductor die 603 may be filled with an electrically insulating material (not shown), such as, silicon dioxide, for example. In a similar fashion, space between inductor die 603 and interconnect layer 602 may also be filled with the insulating material.
It is noted that the embodiment depicted in
A different embodiment of a VRM is illustrated in
Voltage regulator 701, inductor 702, and capacitor 703 may be arranged in a planar fashion. Interconnect 704 may be fabricated or assembled on top of the arrangement of voltage regulator 701, inductor 702, and capacitor 703. In various embodiments, interconnect 704 may include multiple wires (not shown), fabricated on multiple metal layers separated by multiple insulating layers, that connect terminals of voltage regulator 701 to terminals on inductor 702 and capacitor 703. Additionally, some of the multiple wires included in interconnect 704 may couple terminals of voltage regulator to solder bumps 705a-705d.
The embodiment illustrated in
To reduce parasitic circuit effects in connections between voltage regulators and SoCs, VRMs and SoCs may be mounted in a common package, commonly referred to as a “system package.” An embodiment of a system package is illustrated in
Each of SoC 802 and VRM 803 are coupled to interconnect 804. In various embodiments, interconnect 804 includes multiple wires fabricated on multiple wiring layers. Some of the multiple wires of interconnect 804 may couple terminals on SoC 802 to terminals on VRM 803, thereby allowing a regulated power supply from VRM 803 to be coupled to SoC 802. Additionally, some of the multiple wires included in interconnect 804 may couple terminals on SoC 802 and VRM 803 to solder bumps 805a-805e.
On a side of the package body 808 opposite from solder bumps 805a-805e, solder bumps 806a-b couple DRAM 809 to package body 808. In various embodiments, package body 808 includes vias 807a-b that couple solder bumps 806a-b to terminals on interconnect 804. Wires included in interconnect 804 may then connect the aforementioned terminals of interconnect 804 to terminals of SoC 802. Although a DRAM is included in system package 800, in other embodiments, any suitable memory may be employed.
It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in
Turning to
Interconnect 904 includes multiple wires fabricated on multiple wiring layers. Some of the multiple wires of interconnect 904 may couple terminals on SoC 902 and VRM 903, to solder bumps 905a-905e. In contrast to the embodiment depicted in
In a similar fashion to the embodiment of
It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in
A different embodiment of a system package is illustrated in
Terminals of SoC 1002 are coupled to terminals of interconnect 1004, which are, in turn, coupled to wires included interconnect 1004. In various embodiments, the wires included in interconnect 1004 may be fabricated on multiple metal layers separated by insulating layers. Some of the wires included in interconnect 1004 may be coupled to solder bumps 1005a-e, thereby allowing connections from SoC 1002 to solder bumps 1005a-e.
In contrast to the embodiment depicted in
DRAM 1009 is coupled to package body 1008 using solder bumps 1006a-b. Vias 1007a-b couple solder bumps 1006a-b to terminals on interconnect 1004. Wires included in interconnect 1004 may couple the aforementioned terminals on interconnect 1004 to terminals on SoC 1002. In some embodiments, the terminals on interconnect 1004 coupled to vias 1007a-b may be coupled one or more of solder bumps 1005a-b.
It is noted that the relative placement between SoC 1002 and VRM 1003 as depicted in the embodiment of
Turning to
Capacitor die 1103b, inductor die 1103a, and SoC 1102 are arranged in a stack and mounted on interconnect 1104. In various embodiments, inductor die 1103a and capacitor die 1103b may include vias that allow terminals on SoC 1102 to be coupled to terminals of interconnect 1104 through inductor die 1103a and capacitor die 1103b. It is noted that, in various embodiments, inductor die 1103a may include multiple inductors fabricated using a semiconductor manufacturing process, and capacitor die 1103b may include multiple capacitors fabricated using a similar semiconductor manufacturing process.
Package body 1110 includes vias 1107a-b, which couple solder bumps 1106a-b to terminals on interconnect 1104. Wires included in interconnect 1104 may be used to connect terminals on interconnect 1104, which are coupled to vias 1107a-b, to vias through inductor die 1103a and capacitor die 1103b, thereby allowing a signal path from DRAM 1109 to SoC 1102. Other wires included in interconnect 1104 may provide a path from terminals on SoC 1102, through inductor die 1103a and capacitor die 1103b, to solder bumps 1105a-e. It is noted that although a single DRAM is depicted in the embodiment of
VR 1103c may be mounted on a side of interconnect 1104 opposite of a side where SoC 1102, inductor die 1103a, and capacitor die 1103b are mounted. Wires included in interconnect 1104 may couple input/output terminals of VR 1103c to capacitor die 1103b. Vias included in inductor die 1103a and capacitor die 1103b may provide a wiring path from VR 1103c to SoC 1102, allowing VR 1103c to source a regulated power supply voltage to SoC 1102.
Although a particular arrangement of SoC 1102, inductor die 1103a, and capacitor die 1103c is depicted in the embodiment of
A different embodiment of a system package is illustrated in
SoC 1202 and capacitor die 1203b are arranged in a stacked fashion in package body 1208. In some embodiments, capacitor die 1203b includes vias (not shown) that allow terminals of SoC 1202 to be coupled to interconnect 1203b. In various embodiments, interconnect 1203b includes multiple wires fabricated on multiple metal layers separated by insulating layers. Such wires may be used to connect solder bumps 1205a-e to terminals on capacitor die 1203b.
In a similar fashion, interconnect 1204a includes multiple wires that may be used to connect terminals of DRAM 1209a-b, inductor 1203c, and VR 1203a to vias 1207a-b included in package body 1208. Although only two vias are shown, in various embodiments, any suitable number of vias may be employed.
As depicted in
It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in
Turning to
Within package body 1308, VR 1303a, inductor 1303b, and capacitor 1303c are arranged in a first layer, and SoC 1302 is arranged in a second layer. Wire and vias included within package body 1308 are employed to couple terminals of VR 1303a, inductor 1303b, and capacitor 1303c to terminals included in SoC 1302. Additionally, other wires and vias included in package body 1308 may be used to couple terminals of SoC 1302, VR 1303a, inductor 1303b, and capacitor 1303c to interconnect 1304.
Interconnect 1304 may, in various embodiments, include multiple wires fabricated on multiple metal layers separated by a insulating layers. In some embodiments, wires included in interconnect 1304 may provide connections between solder bumps 1305a-e to terminals on interconnect 1304 which are coupled to SoC 1302, VR 1303a, inductor 1303b, and capacitor 1303c using wires and vias included in package body 1308. Additionally, other wires included in interconnect 1304 may be employed to connect vias 1307a-b of package body 1308 to terminals of any of SoC 1302, VR 1303, inductor 1303b, and capacitor 1303c, to provide a wiring path between DRAM 1309 and the aforementioned subcomponents.
DRAM 1309 is coupled to solder bumps 1306a-b, which, in turn, are coupled to vias 1307a-b included in package body 1308. Although a single DRAM is depicted in the embodiment of
It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in
Another embodiment of a system package is illustrated in
VR 1403a, inductor 1403b, and capacitor 1403c are mounted on substrate core 1407, which is, in turn, mounted on interconnect 1408. In various embodiments, interconnect 1408 may include multiple wires fabricated on multiple metal layers separated by insulating layers. Some of the multiple wires included in interconnect 1408 may couple terminals of VR 1403a to one or more of solder bumps 1405a-e. Additionally, other wires included in interconnect 1408 may couple terminals of VR 1403a to terminals of inductor 1403b and capacitor 1403.
Interconnect 1403 may also include multiple wires fabricated on multiple metal layers separated by insulating layers. In various embodiments, some of the wires included in interconnect 1403 may couple terminals of SoC 1402 to terminals of VR 1403a, thereby allowing VR 1403a to source a regulated power supply to SoC 1402. Other wires included in interconnect 1403 may couple terminals of SoC 1402 to one or more of solder bumps 1405a-e, using vias included in substrate core 1407 (not shown).
In various embodiments, interconnect 1403 may be fabricated on top of substrate core 1407 once VR 1403a, inductor 1403b, and capacitor 1403c have been mounted. The fabrication process may, in some embodiments, include the deposition and etching of metal layers, deposition of insulating layers, and the like. In other embodiments, interconnect 1403 may be fabricated separately from substrate core 1407, and then attached to substrate core 1407 using any suitable attachment method.
It is noted that the embodiment illustrated in
Turning to
A voltage regulator die and one or more passive device dies may then be assembled into a VRM (block 1503). In various embodiments, the voltage regulator die and the one or more passive device dies may be assembled into a VRM corresponding to one of the embodiments illustrated in
Assembly of the system package may then be completed (block 1505). In some embodiments, the final assembly may include mounting one or more memory devices into the system package. The one or more memory devices may be arranged, in various embodiments, as depicted in the embodiments illustrated in
Although some of the operations included in the flow diagram of
Turning to
One each of a voltage regulator die, an inductor die, a capacitor die, and an SoC die may then be mounted in the system package (block 1603). The system package may, in various embodiments, correspond to one of the particular embodiments of a system package illustrated in
Assembly of the system package may then be completed (block 1604). In some embodiments, the final assembly may include mounting one or more memory devices into the system package. The one or more memory devices may be arranged, in various embodiments, as depicted in the embodiments illustrated in
It is noted that the embodiment of the method depicted in the flow diagram of
Although specific embodiments have been described above, these embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, even where only a single embodiment is described with respect to a particular feature. Examples of features provided in the disclosure are intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive unless stated otherwise. The above description is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
The scope of the present disclosure includes any feature or combination of features disclosed herein (either explicitly or implicitly), or any generalization thereof, whether or not it mitigates any or all of the problems addressed herein. Accordingly, new claims may be formulated during prosecution of this application (or an application claiming priority thereto) to any such combination of features. In particular, with reference to the appended claims, features from dependent claims may be combined with those of the independent claims and features from respective independent claims may be combined in any appropriate manner and not merely in the specific combinations enumerated in the appended claims.
The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/943,673, filed Apr. 2, 2018 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,818,632), which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/264,087, filed Sep. 13, 2016 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,935,076), which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Appl. No. 62/234,776, filed Sep. 30, 2015; the disclosures of each of the above-referenced applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
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