Patent Grant
10579766
The present disclosure relates to packaged semiconductor structures and, more particularly, to structures configured to provide radio frequency (RF) isolation.
Packaged semiconductor modules can include integrated shielding technology. To form a shield, which can be referred to as a “Faraday cage,” a top conductive layer can be electrically connected to a racetrack by other conductive features. A racetrack can be a conductive feature in the substrate along a periphery of the substrate. The racetrack can be configured at a ground potential. The racetrack can be electrically connected to conductive features in a different layer of the substrate by a plurality of vias. One or more layers in the substrate can each include a racetrack.
For instance, the racetrack can be electrically connected to a ground plane and form a portion of an electrical connection between the top conductive layer and the ground plane. The racetrack can function as part of the shield itself. However, the racetrack consumes area in the packaged module. At the same time, the racetrack can affect a strength of the ground connection of the shield.
The innovations described in the claims each have several aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope of this invention, some prominent features will now be briefly discussed.
One aspect of this disclosure is a packaged module that includes a substrate configured to receive at least one component, a radio frequency (RF) component coupled to a major surface of the substrate, and an RF isolation structure. The RF isolation structure includes a racetrack disposed below the major surface of the substrate, a conductive layer disposed above the RF component, and one or more conductive features disposed between the racetrack and the conductive layer. The one or more conductive features are configured to provide at least a portion of an electrical connection from racetrack to the conductive layer. The racetrack is configured at a ground potential and disposed around the RF component in the substrate. The racetrack has a break and/or a narrowed section.
The break or the narrowed section can be disposed in a low radiating area of the packaged module. In certain implementations, the low radiating area of the packaged module can be associated with a minimum radiation around the perimeter of the packaged module. According to some implementations, the low radiating area can have a low activity factor relative to other areas of the packaged module.
The racetrack can have at least one break and at least one narrowed section in certain implementations. In accordance with some implementations, the racetrack can include a plurality of narrowed sections. The racetrack can have a plurality of breaks according to a number of implementations.
The racetrack can be disposed along a periphery of the packaged module, in accordance with a number of implementations. In a various implementations, the one or more conductive features include wirebonds.
The RF isolation structure can also include an additional racetrack disposed below the major surface of the substrate and electrically connected to the racetrack by a plurality of the vias, according to certain implementations. The additional racetrack can have a break and/or a narrowed section.
According to various implementations, the RF component can include a power amplifier.
Another aspect of this disclosure is a packaged module that includes a substrate configured to receive at least one component, a radio frequency (RF) component coupled to a major surface of the substrate, and an RF isolation structure. The RF isolation structure includes a racetrack disposed below the major surface of the substrate and around the perimeter of the RF component. The racetrack is configured at a ground potential. The racetrack has a first width that is narrower in a section corresponding to a low radiating area of the packaged module than a second width in a section of the racetrack corresponding to a hot spot of the packaged module. The RF isolation structure also includes a conductive layer disposed above the RF component and conductive features disposed between the racetrack and the conductive layer. The conductive features are configured to provide at least a portion of an electrical connection from the racetrack to the conductive layer.
Another aspect of this disclosure is a wireless device that includes an antenna configured to facilitate transmitting and/or receiving a radio-frequency (RF) signal, a packaged module in communication with the antenna, and an other electronic module in communication with the packaged module. The packaged module includes a substrate configured to receive a plurality of components; a radio frequency (RF) component coupled to a major surface the substrate. The packaged module also includes a racetrack in the substrate disposed around the RF component below the major surface of the substrate. The racetrack is configured at a ground potential. The racetrack has a section with break or a width that is narrower than other portions of the racetrack. The packaged module also includes a conductive layer disposed above the RF component. The conductive layer is electrically connected to the racetrack such that the racetrack and the conductive layer form at least a portion of an RF isolation structure around the RF component.
In certain implementations, the section including the break or the narrow width can be disposed in a low radiating area of the packaged module. According to some of these implementations, the RF component can be configured to emit less electromagnetic radiation to the low radiating area of the packaged module than to other areas of the packaged module. Alternatively or additionally, the packaged module can be configured to receive less electromagnetic radiation at the low radiating area of the packaged module from the other electronic module than at other areas of the packaged module.
The racetrack can have one or more breaks and one or more narrowed sections.
According to some implementations, the packaged module can also include wirebonds configured to provide at least a portion of an electrical connection between the racetrack and the conductive layer, in which the RF isolation structure including the wirebonds.
Yet another aspect of this disclosure is a method of determining a racetrack layout. The method includes identifying low radiating areas of a module that includes a radio frequency (RF) component coupled to a major surface of a substrate, and determining a racetrack layout based on identifying the low radiating areas of the module. The racetrack is disposed below the major surface of the substrate and is included in an RF isolation structure around the RF component. The RF isolation structure also includes a conductive layer above the RF component.
According to certain implementations, determined racetrack layout can include a section with a reduced width in an identified low radiating area of the module relative to a width in other sections of the determined racetrack layout. Alternatively or additionally, the determined racetrack layout can include a break in an identified low radiating area of the module.
In some implementations, the RF isolation structure can also include wirebonds configured to provide at least a portion of an electrical connection between the racetrack and the conductive layer above the RF component.
In accordance with a number of implementations, the determined racetrack layout can be included in at least two separate layers in the substrate.
According to various implementations, the method can also include obtaining electromagnetic interference data for the module, and identifying the low radiating areas based on the obtained electromagnetic interference data. In some of these implementations, obtaining electromagnetic interference data can include obtaining electromagnetic interference data for at least two different modes of operation of the RF component.
For purposes of summarizing the disclosure, certain aspects, advantages and novel features of the inventions have been described herein. It is to be understood that not necessarily all such advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, the invention may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.
FIGS. 3A1 and 3A2 show front and back sides of an example laminate panel configured to receive a plurality of dies for formation of packaged modules.
FIGS. 3B1 to 3B3 show various views of a laminate substrate of the panel configured to yield an individual module.
FIGS. 3E1 and 3E2 show various views of the laminate substrate being prepared for mounting of example surface-mount technology (SMT) devices.
FIGS. 3F1 and 3F2 show various views of the example SMT devices mounted on the laminate substrate.
FIGS. 3G1 and 3G2 show various views of the laminate substrate being prepared for mounting of an example die.
FIGS. 3H1 and 3H2 show various views of the example die mounted on the laminate substrate.
FIGS. 3I1 and 3I2 show various views of the die electrically connected to the laminate substrate by example wirebonds.
FIGS. 3J1 and 3J2 show various views of wirebonds formed on the laminate substrate and configured to facilitate electromagnetic (EM) isolation between an area defined by the wirebonds and areas outside of the wirebonds.
FIGS. 3S1 to 3S3 show various views of an individual packaged module.
Features of the apparatus, systems, and methods will be described with reference to the drawings summarized above. Throughout the drawings, reference numbers are re-used to indicate correspondence between referenced elements. It will be understood that all drawings are not necessarily to scale. The drawings, associated descriptions, and specific implementations are provided for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.
An RF isolation structure around an RF component can isolate the RF component from external radiation and/or isolate an external component from radiation emitted by the RF component. The RF isolation structure can include a racetrack, conductive features, and a conductive layer disposed above an RF component. In some implementations, the racetrack can provide part of an electrical connection between a ground plane and the top conductive layer. Conductive features, such as wirebonds, can provide at least a portion of an electrical connection between the racetrack and the conductive layer disposed above the RF component. It can be desirable to have a strong ground connection to the RF isolation structure. The strength of the RF isolation structure can be based on a strength of the ground connection. A thicker racetrack can provide a stronger ground connection. In previous designs, a continuous racetrack having a uniform width was included along a periphery of a packaged module. Such racetracks consumed die area and increased costs of the packaged module.
In this disclosure, it is recognized that a racetrack layout can be determined based on electromagnetic interference (EMI) data, such as EMI probing data and/or near field scan data. Particular features related to isolation associated with RF signals are also recognized in this disclosure. One or more features described herein relate to selectively narrowing and/or removing portions of a racetrack such that an RF isolation structure provides desired RF isolation without consuming excess die area. For instance, EMI data from a particular environment can be obtained and a racetrack layout can be determined based on such data.
Generally described, aspects of this disclosure relate to determining a layout of a racetrack that that is part of an RF isolation structure. The racetrack layout can have a non-uniform width to match the relative strength of the RF isolation structure in selected areas with RF isolation needs of a module that includes at least one RF component.
From simulation and/or EMI data, locations of “hot spots” and/or “low radiating areas” of a packaged module can be determined. A “hot spot” can be an area of the packaged module that emits a relatively high amount of electromagnetic radiation and/or an area of the packaged module that receives a relatively high amount of external electromagnetic radiation. A “low radiating area” can be an area of the packaged module that emits a relatively low amount of electromagnetic radiation and/or an area of the packaged module that receives a relatively low amount of external electromagnetic radiation.
Based on the locations of the hot spots and/or low radiating areas, the racetrack can include a break in one or more selected areas of the packaged module without significantly degrading the EMI performance of the RF isolation structure. Alternatively or additionally, based on the locations of the hot spots and/or low radiating areas, a width of the racetrack that is part of the RF isolation structure can be narrowed in one or more selected areas of the packaged module without significantly degrading the EMI performance of the RF isolation structure. More specifically, the racetrack can include a break and/or a narrowed section in a low radiating area of the packaged module.
Alternatively or additionally, the sensitivity of locations of the packaged module to external radiation can be determined. Based on the sensitivity data, the racetrack can include a break and/or a section with a narrowed width in one or more selected areas.
By including a break in the racetrack and/or narrowing sections of the racetrack, the RF isolation structure can consume less area in one or more layers of a substrate. As a result, the packaged module can be smaller, less expensive, consume less power, or any combination thereof. Tailoring racetrack layout to particular RF isolation needs can reduce the total amount of metal used to manufacture the packaged module without significantly degrading EMI performance. This can reduce the total cost of a packaged module that includes the racetrack. In production, these cost savings can be significant when a large number of packaged modules are manufactured.
Described herein are various examples of systems, apparatus, devices structures, materials and/or methods related to fabrication of packaged modules having a radio-frequency (RF) circuit and wirebond-based electromagnetic (EM) isolation structures. Although described in the context of RF circuits, one or more features described herein can also be utilized in packaging applications involving non-RF components. Similarly, one or more features described herein can also be utilized in packaging applications without the EM isolation functionality. It will also be understood that one or more features described herein can be applied to isolation structures that do not include wirebonds.
For the purpose of description, it will be understood that RF-isolation can include keeping RF signals or noise from entering or leaving a given shielded area. Thus, for the purpose of description, it will be understood that the terms isolation and shielding can be used interchangeably as appropriate. For example, an RF component being shielded can include a situation where some or substantially all of an RF signal from another source is being blocked from reaching the RF component. As another example, an RF component being isolated can include a situation where some or substantially all of an RF signal (for example, noise or an actively generated signal) is being blocked from reaching from another device. Unless the context indicates otherwise, it will be understood that each of the terms shielding and isolation can include either or both of the foregoing functionalities.
The RF isolation structure 2 can function as a Faraday cage. The RF isolation structure 2 can include conductive features around at least one RF component. In certain implementations, the conductive features above the substrate can include a plurality of wirebonds 51 that in combination with a racetrack are configured to provide RF isolation. More details of the plurality of wirebonds 51 will be provided later, for example, with reference to FIGS. 3J1 and 3J2. In some other implementations, the conductive features can include other structures, such as a solid metal can.
The illustrated packaged module 1 is a packaged power amplifier integrated circuit (IC) in which the high band portion 3 includes a high band power amplifier circuit and the low band portion 4 includes a low band power amplifier circuit. Power amplifiers can be used to boost the amplitude of a relatively weak RF signal. Thereafter, the boosted RF signal can be used for a variety of purposes, including, for example, driving an antenna, a switch, a mixer, a filter, or the like, or any combination thereof in an RF system. In certain electronic systems, such as multi-band systems, different power amplifier structures can be used to amplify RF signals of different frequencies. In the illustrated configuration, the packaged module 1 includes the high band power amplifier circuit for amplifying relatively high frequency RF signals and the low band power amplifier circuit for amplifying relatively low frequency RF signals.
Although the packaged module 1 illustrates one example of a packaged IC that can be used herein, the methods and apparatus described herein can be implemented in connection with a variety of other isolation structures in packaged modules.
As illustrated, the RF isolation structure 2 of the packaged module 1 includes the ground contact pads 29, the racetracks 7, the plurality of vias 6, the wirebonds 51, and the conductive layer 71. For instance, the racetracks 7 can provide RF isolation from RF signals generated by RF circuits within the RF isolation structure 2 and/or outside of the RF isolation structure 2. In the implementation shown in
Although the illustrative cross section of
In block 12a of
FIGS. 3B1-3B3 show front, side and back views, respectively, of an example configuration of the individual module substrate 20. For illustrative purposes, a boundary 22 can define an area occupied by the module substrate 20 on the panel 16. Within the boundary 22, the module substrate 20 can include a front surface 21 and a back surface 27. Shown on the front surface 21 is an example mounting area 23 dimensioned to receive a die (not shown). A plurality of example contact pads 24 are arranged about the die-receiving area 23 so as to allow formation of connection wirebonds between the die and contact pads 28 arranged on the back surface 27. Although not shown, electrical connections between the wirebond contact pads 24 and the module's contact pads 28 can be configured in a number of ways. Also within the boundary 22 are two sets of example contact pads 25 configured to allow mounting of, for example passive SMT devices (not shown). The contact pads can be electrically connected to some of the module's contact pads and/or ground contact pads 29 disposed on the back surface 27. Also within the boundary 22 are a plurality of wirebond pads 26 configured to allow formation of a plurality of EM-isolating wirebonds (not shown). The wirebond pads 26 can be electrically connected to an electrical reference plane (such as a ground plane) 30. Such connections between the wirebond pads 26 and the ground plane 30 (depicted as dotted lines 31) can be achieved in a number of ways. For instance, as shown in
In block 12b of
In block 12c of
In block 12d of
In block 12e of
In block 12f of
In block 12g of
In block 12h of
In block 12i of
In block 12j of
In block 12k of
In the example configuration 50 of FIGS. 3J1 and 3J2, the RF-shielding wirebonds 51 are shown to form a perimeter around the area where the die (36) and the SMT devices (43) are located. Other perimeter configurations are also possible. For example, a perimeter can be formed with RF-wirebonds around the die, around one or more of the SMT devices, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, an RF-wirebond-based perimeter can be formed around any circuit, device, component or area where RF-isolation is desired.
In the example configuration 50 of FIGS. 3J1 and 3J2, the RF-shielding wirebonds 51 are shown to have an asymmetrical side profile configured to facilitate controlled deformation during a molding process as described herein. Additional details concerning such wirebonds can be found in, for example, PCT Publication No. WO 2010/014103 titled “SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE WITH INTEGRATED INTERFERENCE SHIELDING AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF.” In some embodiments, other shaped RF-shielding wirebonds can also be utilized. For example, generally symmetric arch-shaped wirebonds as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,071,431, titled “OVERMOLDED SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGE WITH A WIREBOND CAGE FOR EMI SHIELDING,” can be used as RF-shielding wirebonds in place of or in combination with the shown asymmetric wirebonds. In some embodiments, RF-shielding wirebonds do not necessarily need to form a loop shape and have both ends on the surface of the module substrate. For example, wire extensions with one end on the surface of the module substrate and the other end positioned above the surface (for connecting to an upper conductive layer) can also be utilized.
In the example configuration 50 of FIGS. 3J1 and 3J2, the RF-shielding wirebonds 51 are shown to have similar heights that are generally higher than heights of the die-connecting wirebonds (49). Such a configuration allows the die-connecting wirebonds (49) to be encapsulated by molding compound as described herein, and be isolated from an upper conductive layer to be formed after the molding process.
In block 12l of
In some implementations, the mold cap 53 can be positioned so that its lower surface 54 engages and pushes down on the upper portions of the RF-shielding wirebonds 51. Such a configuration allows whatever height variations in the RF-shielding wirebonds 51 to be removed so that the upper portions touching the lower surface 54 of the mold cap 53 are at substantially the same height. When the mold compound is introduced and an overmold structure is formed, the foregoing technique maintains the upper portions of the encapsulated RF-shielding wirebonds 51 at or close to the resulting upper surface of the overmold structure.
In the example molding configuration 52 of
The molding process described herein in reference to
In block 12m of
The foregoing removal of material from the upper portion of the overmold structure 59 can be achieved in a number of ways.
In the example shown in
In block 12n of
In block 12o of
As described in reference to
In block 12p of
FIGS. 3S1, 3S2 and 3S3 show front (also referred to as top herein), back (also referred to as bottom herein) and perspective views of the singulated module 75. As described herein, such a module includes RF-shielding structures encapsulated within the overmold structure; and in some implementations, the overall dimensions of the module 75 is not necessarily any larger than a module without the RF-shielding functionality. Accordingly, modules having integrated RF-shielding functionality can advantageously yield a more compact assembled circuit board since external RF-shield structures are not needed. Further, the packaged modular form allows the modules to be handled easier during manipulation and assembly processes.
In block 12q of
In block 82c, a circuit board having modules mounted thereon can be installed in a wireless device.
Although one RF component 116 is shown in
The process 120 can determine a layout of a racetrack along the periphery of a packaged module. The racetrack can be part of an RF isolation structure that forms an RF isolation volume about one or more RF components of the packaged module. The racetrack can be configured at a ground potential. The racetrack can be formed in one layer or more layers of a substrate. In some embodiments, the racetrack can be part of a printed circuit board under an RF component, for example, as shown in
The width of the racetrack can be non-uniform. Having a narrower and/or wider racetrack in a selected defined area about the perimeter of a packaged module can tailor the RF isolation structure to the particular needs of the packaged module. A narrower section of a racetrack and/or a break in the racetrack can be included in one or more low radiating areas of the packaged module. Alternatively or additionally, a wider section of racetrack can be included in a hot spot of the packaged module. The process 120 can determine one or more selected areas of a packaged module where a section of the racetrack can be widened, narrowed, include a break, or any combination thereof. Customizing the racetrack layout with the process 120 can reduce the overall area of the packaged module without significantly effecting electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance of the packaged module.
The process 120 can include obtaining EMI data for a module at block 122, identifying areas of the module associated with relatively high EMI and/or relatively low EMI at block 124, and determining a racetrack layout at block 126. This process can be iterated any suitable number of times to achieve a desired EMI performance.
EMI data can be obtained for a module at block 122. In some embodiments, an electromagnetic scan/probe can be performed to obtain the EMI data. For instance, a near field scan can be performed. The EMI data can be associated with RF applications. According to certain embodiments, the EMI data can correspond to two or more modes of operation of an RF component of the module. For example, the EMI data can correspond to a high band mode of operation and a low band mode of operation, in which the RF component operates within a lower frequency band in the low band mode than in the high band mode of operation. Different RF isolation considerations may apply to different frequency bands of operation. For example, at higher frequencies, RF signals can have smaller wavelengths. It can be desirable to have a wider racetrack section and/or a racetrack section without a break near high band portions of the module. As another example of different modes of operation, the EMI data can correspond to a low power mode of operation and a high power mode of operation.
The EMI data can correspond to any suitable module configuration. For instance, the EMI data can correspond to an unshielded module without an RF isolation structure. As another example, the EMI data can correspond to a module with one or more racetracks having a uniform width. In certain implementations, the EMI data can correspond to a module having a racetrack with a maximum racetrack width that can be included in the module. According to some other implementations, the EMI data can correspond to a module having a racetrack with a minimum width of a particular metal layer of the substrate in which the racetrack is included. In another example, the EMI data can correspond to a module having a non-uniform racetrack with one or more breaks, one or more selected portions narrower, one or more selected portions widened, or any combination thereof.
Areas associated with relatively high and/or relatively low EMI can be identified at block 124. For instance, an area of a module associated with a lowest EMI value can be identified. The area with the lowest EMI value can be classified as a low radiating area. As another example, one or more areas of the module associated with an EMI value below a predefined lower threshold can be identified. An area of the module with an EMI value below the predefined lower threshold can be classified as a low radiating area. Alternatively or additionally, one or more areas of a module associated with an EMI value above a predefined upper threshold can be identified. An area of the module with an EMI value above the predefined upper threshold can be classified as a hot spot. In yet another example, an area of the module having the highest EMI value can be identified. Such an area can be classified as a hot spot.
Areas of the module associated with relatively high EMI can benefit by stronger RF isolation compared to other areas of the module. In some implementations, an area of the module associated with relatively high EMI can be a hot spot and/or an area for which the RF isolation structure provides less RF isolation than other areas of the module. Such areas can provide less RF isolation than defined in product specifications and/or than desired in a particular area. According to some embodiments, hot spots can occur at or near areas of a module that generate signals with a high power level, such as an output of a power amplifier (PA) or at an input of a low noise amplifier (LNA). Alternatively or additionally, hot spots can occur at or near areas of a packaged module with a high activity factor, such as an oscillator (for example, a voltage-controlled oscillator) and/or an LNA.
Areas of the module associated with relatively low EMI can provide a sufficient level of RF isolation at or near a break in the racetrack and/or with a relatively thin section of the racetrack. In some implementations, an area of the module associated with relatively low EMI can be a low radiating area and/or an area for which the RF isolation structure provides more RF isolation than other areas of the packaged module. Such areas can provide more RF isolation than defined in product specifications and/or than desired in a particular application. In a low radiating area, no signals or only signals with a low power level may be generated. According to some embodiments, a low radiating area can occur at or near areas of a module through which no signals propagate or through which signals having only a low power level propagate. Alternatively or additionally, low radiating areas can occur at or near areas of a packaged module with a low activity factor.
An RF isolation structure that includes one or more racetracks can be grounded by a connection to a ground plane, for example, by an electrical connection to a lower conductive layer below an RF component that is configured as a ground plane. The ground plane can be included in the module. While the ground plane ideally has a parasitic inductance of zero, in reality, the ground plane has a non-zero parasitic inductance. Widening a section of the racetrack can reduce an inductance associated with the ground plane. For instance, experimental data indicate that a racetrack with a uniform width of 140 microns improved EMI performance by about 2 dBm in certain areas of a module compared to a racetrack with a uniform width of 60 micron in the module. Conversely, narrowing and/or removing a section of the racetrack can increase the inductance of the ground plane. In one or more selected areas of the packaged module, such as low radiating areas, the racetrack can have a break and/or be thinned relative to other portions of the racetrack without causing significant effects in the performance of the RF isolation structure.
Higher inductance associated with the ground plane can lead to a less stable RF isolation structure that can affect signals generated by an RF component being isolated by the RF isolation structure. For example, the RF isolation structure can function like an antenna when having a relatively weak connection to the ground plane. This can cause the RF isolation structure to amplify radiation, rather than provide RF isolation. Such an affect can occur at locations of a module corresponding to relatively high EMI. When the racetrack is too thin in a section and/or includes too large of a break, the RF isolation structure can float due to a weak ground connection. The weak ground connection can cause portions of the module to be associated with relatively high EMI. Thus, it can be desirable to widen the racetrack in the portions of the racetrack associated with relatively high EMI relative to other portions of the racetrack.
At an upper threshold width, widening the racetrack may not significantly improve RF isolation. Above the upper threshold width, advantages of widening the racetrack may not provide a significant decrease in radiated power and consequently RF isolation of the RF isolation structure. As a result, it can be desirable for the racetrack width to be below the upper threshold width for particular areas and above the point at which the RF isolation structure starts to float due to a weak ground connection. In such a racetrack layout, the racetrack can also include one or more breaks and/or one or more sections that are narrowed in selected areas without noticeably impacting RF isolation performance of the RF isolation structure. These concepts can be used to identify a racetrack layout tailored to the particular RF isolation needs of a module. In certain embodiments, a racetrack can have approximately a minimum width for satisfying electromagnetic interference requirements of the packaged component, in which the width of the racetrack is non-uniform.
With continued reference to
By executing the process 120, racetrack layout can be determined such that EMI associated with a packaged module meets a specification without using excess area and conductive material for the racetrack. Accordingly, the process 120 can result in a packaged module with a racetrack configured to provide RF isolation with efficient utilization of die area.
The principles and advantages described in connection with areas of a packaged module associated with relatively low and/or relatively high EMI can be applied to areas of the packaged module that area relatively sensitive and/or relatively insensitive to external radiation at block 134. For instance, sensitivity data can be obtained and areas that are relatively more sensitive to electromagnetic radiation and/or areas that are relatively less sensitive to electromagnetic radiation can be identified. In some embodiments, the sensitivity data can include EMI data and/or data derived from such EMI data. Areas of the packaged module that are sensitive to external radiation can be treated similarly to areas of the packaged module associated with relatively high EMI. For instance, at block 126, the racetrack can be widened in areas that are identified as being sensitive to external radiation at block 134. Alternatively or additionally, areas of the packaged module that are not sensitive to external radiation can be treated similarly to areas of the packaged module associated with relatively low EMI. For instance, at block 126, a break can be added to the racetrack and/or the racetrack can be narrowed in areas that are identified as being insensitive to external radiation at block 134. Areas that are sensitive to external radiation can include, for example, outputs of the module. For instance, an output matching network (OMN) area of a power amplifier module and/or an output of a VCO can be relatively sensitive to external radiation. By contrast, areas that are not sensitive to external radiation can include, for example, input areas and/or DC paths.
For illustrative purposes, more detail will be provided with reference to including breaks in the racetrack in selected areas and/or narrowing the racetrack in selected sections along the periphery of a substrate. Although narrowing and/or including a break in the racetrack is described for illustrative purposes, one or more features described herein can be applied to widening the racetrack in one or more selected areas.
As illustrated in
Packaged modules in accordance with one or more features described herein can include particular racetrack layouts. For instance, the racetrack can be wider in a first area of the packaged module associated with a higher EMI than in a second area of the packaged module associated with a lower EMI. For instance, as shown in
The first area can correspond to a hot spot of the packaged module and the second area can correspond to a low radiating area of the packaged module. For example, the hotspot can be adjacent to a power amplifier output or an output of a different RF component that generates a high power signal. As another example, the hotspot can be adjacent to a voltage-controlled oscillator output or an output of a different RF component that has a high activity factor. By contrast, the second area can be adjacent to an area of the packaged module with a low activity factor, an area of the packaged module that does not generate signals, an area of the packaged module in which low power signal propagate, the like, or any combination thereof. The racetrack can include one or more breaks 145 and/or one or more narrowed sections 150 in low radiating areas of a packaged module.
A hotspot in the first area and/or a low radiating area in the second area can result from the RF component of the packaged module. For instance, one or more RF components being isolated by the RF isolation structure can emit more radiation to the first area than to the second area.
Alternatively or additionally, the first area can be exposed to more external radiation than the second area. For instance, a hot spot of an adjacent component could be adjacent to the first area. The racetrack can include one or more breaks 145 and/or one or more narrowed sections 150 in areas of a packaged module that are relatively insensitive to external radiation.
The racetrack layouts described herein can be included in an RF isolation structure of a packaged module that includes one or more conductive features forming at least a portion of an electrical connection between the racetrack and a conductive layer above the RF component. As one example, the one or more conductive features can include wirebonds, for example, the wirebonds 51 illustrated in
In certain embodiments, the RF component within the RF isolation volume formed by the RF isolation structure includes a power amplifier. For instance, the racetrack layouts illustrated in
Some of the embodiments described above have provided examples in connection with packaged modules and/or electronic devices that include RF components, such as power amplifiers. However, the principles and advantages of the embodiments can be used for any other systems or apparatus that have needs for a shielding and/or isolation.
Systems implementing one or more aspects of this disclosure can be implemented in various electronic devices. Examples of electronic devices can include, but are not limited to, consumer electronic products, parts of the consumer electronic products, electronic test equipment, etc. More specifically, electronic devices configured implement one or more aspects of the present disclosure can include, but are not limited to, an RF transmitting device, an RF receiving device, an RF transceiver, any portable device having an RF component (for example, a power amplifier), a mobile phone (for example, a smart phone), a telephone, a base station, a femtocell, a radar, a device configured to communicate according to the WiFi and/or Bluetooth standards, a television, a computer monitor, a computer, a hand-held computer, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a microwave, a refrigerator, an automobile, a stereo system, a DVD player, a CD player, a VCR, an MP3 player, a radio, a camcorder, a camera, a digital camera, a portable memory chip, a washer, a dryer, a washer/dryer, a copier, a facsimile machine, a scanner, a multi functional peripheral device, a wrist watch, a clock, the like, etc. Part of the consumer electronic products can include a multi-chip module including an RF isolation structure, a power amplifier module, an integrated circuit including an RF isolation structure, a substrate including vias that can be used to form part of an RF isolation structure, the like, or any combination thereof. Moreover, other examples of the electronic devices can also include, but are not limited to, memory chips, memory modules, circuits of optical networks or other communication networks, and disk driver circuits. Further, the electronic devices can include unfinished products.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to.” The words “coupled” or connected”, as generally used herein, refer to two or more elements that may be either directly connected, or connected by way of one or more intermediate elements. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. Where the context permits, words in the above Detailed Description using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word “or” in reference to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.
Moreover, conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” “for example,” “such as” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or states are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or states are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.
The above detailed description of certain embodiments is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed above. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention, as those ordinary skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, while processes or blocks are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform routines having steps, or employ systems having blocks, in a different order, and some processes or blocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and/or modified. Each of these processes or blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways. Also, while processes or blocks are at times shown as being performed in series, these processes or blocks may instead be performed in parallel, or may be performed at different times.
The teachings of the invention provided herein can be applied to other systems, not necessarily the systems described above. The elements and acts of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments.
While certain embodiments of the inventions have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosure.
This application a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/046,258, filed Feb. 17, 2016, titled “RADIO FREQUENCY ISOLATION STRUCTURE WITH RACETRACK,” which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/939,066, filed Jul. 10, 2013, titled “RACETRACK DESIGN IN RADIO FREQUENCY SHIELDING APPLICATIONS,” which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/671,594, filed Jul. 13, 2012, titled “RACETRACK DESIGN IN RADIO FREQUENCY SHIELDING APPLICATIONS”, the disclosures of each which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3598903 | Johnson et al. | Aug 1971 | A |
| 3816911 | Knappenberger | Jun 1974 | A |
| 4151637 | Zemek et al. | May 1979 | A |
| 4168507 | Yester, Jr. | Sep 1979 | A |
| 4241497 | Du Bois | Dec 1980 | A |
| 4245385 | Zemek et al. | Jan 1981 | A |
| 4447945 | Priscsak | May 1984 | A |
| 4724613 | Dale | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4857483 | Steffen et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 5057798 | Moye et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5151770 | Inoue | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5166772 | Soldner et al. | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5166864 | Chitwood | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5206712 | Kornrumpf et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5355016 | Swirbel | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5355102 | Kornrumpf et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5428508 | Pronto | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5448826 | Goetz et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
| 5602421 | Li | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5603103 | Halttunen et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5736783 | Wein et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5753972 | Wein et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5872393 | Sakai et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5940964 | Mugiya | Aug 1999 | A |
| 6058497 | Tuttle | May 2000 | A |
| 6137693 | Schwiebert et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6172412 | Wein et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6192577 | Larsson | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6202294 | Bogannam | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6333552 | Kakimoto et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6335669 | Miyazaki et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6350951 | Askew | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6377464 | Hashemi et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6426881 | Kurz | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6449828 | Pahl et al. | Sep 2002 | B2 |
| 6462436 | Kay et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6472724 | Matsuzawa et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6486549 | Chiang | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6566596 | Askew | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6601293 | Glenn | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6632029 | Williamson et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6650009 | Her | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6809255 | Chun | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6855893 | Kumakura et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6865084 | Lin et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6947295 | Hsieh | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6974724 | Hyvonen et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6994901 | Chen et al. | Feb 2006 | B1 |
| 7030469 | Mahadevan et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7088009 | Hagen | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7148965 | Nishimura et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7151011 | Sridharan et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7198987 | Warren et al. | Apr 2007 | B1 |
| 7667302 | Chang et al. | Feb 2010 | B1 |
| 7958629 | Thompson et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 8012868 | Naval | Sep 2011 | B1 |
| 8030722 | Bolognia et al. | Oct 2011 | B1 |
| 8058715 | Roa et al. | Nov 2011 | B1 |
| 8071431 | Hoang et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8102032 | Bolognia et al. | Jan 2012 | B1 |
| 8115283 | Bolognia et al. | Feb 2012 | B1 |
| 8212323 | Lee et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8399972 | Hoang et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 9041168 | Hoang | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9295157 | Chen et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
| 9703913 | Chen et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 10061885 | Chen et al. | Aug 2018 | B2 |
| 10242143 | Chen et al. | Mar 2019 | B2 |
| 20010013165 | Hansen et al. | Aug 2001 | A1 |
| 20010015705 | Scordilis | Aug 2001 | A1 |
| 20010033210 | Tanabe | Oct 2001 | A1 |
| 20020080593 | Tsuge et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020083570 | Inoue et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020155738 | Ohsawa et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20030002271 | Nurminen | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030020173 | Huff et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030083018 | Sadler | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030169134 | Ammar et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20040012099 | Nakayama | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040048588 | Ammar et al. | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040125568 | Tao | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040180474 | Oman | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040203528 | Ammar et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040231872 | Arnold et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040238934 | Warner | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050167047 | Huff et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050194671 | Yoshikawa et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050245001 | Hyvonen et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20060022772 | Kanno | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060033664 | Soler Castany et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060139118 | Vaughn et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060145361 | Yang | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060276158 | Okabe | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070071886 | Babb et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20080014678 | Howard et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080067656 | Leung et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080158849 | Gallahan et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080246126 | Bowles et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20100078771 | Barth et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100078776 | Barth et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100078777 | Barth et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100078779 | Barth et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20110084368 | Hoang et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110089529 | Fowlkes et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110133905 | Hussain | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110193649 | Popelka et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20120008288 | Tsukamoto et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120119346 | Im et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120126347 | Yang et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120140432 | Andrei | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120146178 | Hoang et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120258594 | Barth et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20130036802 | Johnson et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130041334 | Prioleau et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130135158 | Faraone et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130324069 | Chen | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20180365365 | Chen et al. | Dec 2018 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 101593745 | Dec 2009 | CN |
| 101673733 | Mar 2010 | CN |
| 102105981 | Jun 2011 | CN |
| 102237342 | Nov 2011 | CN |
| 102315199 | Jan 2012 | CN |
| 04-058596 | Feb 1992 | JP |
| 08222885 | Aug 1996 | JP |
| 10-2012-0053332 | May 2012 | KR |
| WO 1999062119 | Dec 1999 | WO |
| WO 2000013233 | Mar 2000 | WO |
| WO 2002017394 | Feb 2002 | WO |
| WO 2005050699 | Jun 2005 | WO |
| WO 2005093833 | Oct 2005 | WO |
| WO 2008018959 | Feb 2008 | WO |
| WO 2008103232 | Aug 2008 | WO |
| WO 2010014103 | Feb 2010 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Oct. 22, 2013 for International Application No. PCT/US2013/049977 filed Jul. 10, 2013. 10 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20190171785 A1 | Jun 2019 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61671594 | Jul 2012 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15046258 | Feb 2016 | US |
| Child | 16267914 | US | |
| Parent | 13939066 | Jul 2013 | US |
| Child | 15046258 | US |
